G148: Volcanoes and Earthquakes

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Presentation transcript:

G148: Volcanoes and Earthquakes

What is a volcano? an opening in the Earth’s surface through which lava (molten rock), gas, and/or ash is released from the Earth’s interior. a mountain that is built up from solidified lava and/or ash

What is an earthquake? a sudden movement of the Earth’s surface along a fracture known as a fault. most earthquakes result from the sudden release stored energy resulting from stress.

Why study volcanoes and earthquakes? They’re both natural hazards with the potential to kill a lot of people. They give us information about the interior of the Earth, and tell us about plate tectonics. They have other effects: climate change, exploring for natural resources, etc.

Image credits Title page: Mt. St. Helens erupting on July 22, 1980. Photo from USGS. Title page: Damage from Nisqually Quake in Olympia, February 28, 2001. Photo from USGS at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-211/NisquallyFinal.html What is a volcano: Fissure eruption on January 5, 1983 on Kilauea’s east rift zone. Photo from Hawaii Volcano Observatory at http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/kilauea/erupt/2553001_L.jpg What is an earthquake: Offset due to Landers, California earthquake, June 28, 1992. Photo from Southern California Earthquake Data Center at http://scedc.caltech.edu/graphics/significant/landers1992e.jpg Why study volcanoes and earthquakes: Cascadia subduction zone image from USGS at http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/pacnw/graphic/a1.gif