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Fermentation

Step 1: Glycolysis Where? In cytoplasm What happens? Mitochondrion Glucose C6H12O6 C C ATP ATP C C En-zyme C C Where? In cytoplasm What happens? A) Glucose (from our food) is broken down into 2 pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) B) 2 ATP molecules released for cellular processes

What’s after Glycolysis? Creates: 2 ATP & 2 Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) Leads to either: Aerobic Respiration With oxygen present Kreb’s Cycle Electron transport chain Anaerobic Respiration Without oxygen Fermentation Allows glycolysis to restart glycolysis ATP fermentation No O2 O2 ATP

Step 2: Fermentation During prolonged exercise, the oxygen you inhale mainly goes to your brain. Your muscles are now lacking oxygen. Yeast perform alcoholic fermentation to make bread. Why isn’t bread alcoholic? How to relieve sore muscles: Massage Bananas Stretch after Hydrate Alcohol evaporates in the baking process Muscle cells perform fermentation to keep you going! Two Types of Fermentation (both anaerobic): A) Lactic Acid fermentation Performed by animals when muscle cells are not receiving O2 Lactic acid waste created B) Alcoholic fermentation Performed by yeast, some plants, bacteria Alcohol waste created

Lactic Acid vs. Alcoholic Fermentation glycolysis glycolysis Lactic acid Alcohol + CO2 Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Lactic Acid Alcoholic Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Waste: Lactic acid Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Waste: Alcohol and CO2

Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Fermentation Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain What happens? 2 Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) create up to 36 ATPs With oxygen present Glycolysis Where? In the cytoplasm What happens? Glucose is split into 2 Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) 2 ATP created If oxygen is lacking Fermentation Where? In the cytoplasm What happens? Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) are broken into either lactic acid or alcohol Molecules to restart glycolysis created (No ATP) Glycolysis restarts

Review Name the two types of fermentation. How much ATP does glycolysis create? How much ATP does fermentation create? Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis? A buildup of which molecule causes sore muscles? Which waste molecules are created by alcoholic fermentation? Which waste molecules are created by lactic acid fermentation? Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean? Why is aerobic respiration preferred vs. fermentation?