US Health in International Perspective. Shorter lives, poorer health US Health in International Perspective. Shorter lives, poorer health. S Woolf, L Aron, eds. NRC and IOM. 2012.

US Health in International Perspective. Shorter lives, poorer health US Health in International Perspective. Shorter lives, poorer health. S Woolf, L Aron, eds. NRC and IOM. 2012.

http://www. commonwealthfund http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/fund-report/2014/jun/1755_davis_mirror_mirror_2014.pdf

US Health in International Perspective. Shorter lives, poorer health US Health in International Perspective. Shorter lives, poorer health. S Woolf, L Aron, eds. NRC and IOM. 2012.

Percent of adults with diabetes by T stop, 2010 If you get off at Arlington: 3% If you get off at Maverick: 11% If you get off at Fenway: 2% If you get off at Dudley Square: 11% If you get off at Mattapan: 10% Health of Boston 2012-2013: A neighborhood focus. Boston Public Health Commission. <http://www.bphc.org/healthdata/health-of-boston-report/Pages/Health-of-Boston-Report.aspx> Accessed February 9, 2015.

Despite geographic proximity to health services MGH East Boston Neighborhood Health Center Brigham and Women’s; Children's’; Beth Israel BMC; Tufts Medical Center Mattapan Community Health Center; The Spark Center Google Maps. <https://www.google.com/maps/> Accessed March 17, 2015.

What causes health; what we spend our money on National health expenditures: $2.6 trillion Determinants Access to care: 6% Genetics: 20% Socioeconomic and physical environments: 22% Medical services: 90% Healthy behaviors: 37% Socioeconomic and physical environments: 22% Other: 15% Healthy behaviors: 9% Other: 1% “Healthy People/Healthy Economy: An Initiative to Make Massachusetts the National Leader in Health and Wellness.” 2015. Data from NEHI 2013. <http://www.tbf.org/tbf/56/hphe/Health-Crisis> Tarlov A. Social determinants of health: the sociobiological translation. In: Blane D, Brunner E, Wilkinson R, editors. Health and social organization: towards a health policy for the 21st century. London: Routledge; 1996 pp. 71-93.

http://www. commonwealthfund http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2015/oct/us-health-care-from-a-global-perspective

Changes in spending, 2000-2015 % Growth (decline) -2% -12% -22% -35% 81% % Growth (decline) 1% -2% -12% -22% -25% -27% -35% * Health care expenditure is Group Insurance Commission spending plus MassHealth (Medicaid) “Healthy People/Healthy Economy: An Initiative to Make Massachusetts the National Leader in Health and Wellness.” 2015. Data from Massachusetts Budget and Policy Center Budget Browser. <http://www.tbf.org/tbf/56/hphe/Health-Crisis>

Proportion of NIH funding awarded to projects with the terms “population” or “public” in the title, 2004-2014 Percent of total funding Fiscal year NIH RePORTER. Search results for projects for which funding data is available. <http://projectreporter.nih.gov/reporter.cfm> Accessed on November 20, 2014.

National Academy of Medicine National Academy of Medicine. The growing gap in life expectancy by income: Implications for federal programs and policy responses. 2015. http://www.nap.edu/download.php?record_id=19015#

Case A, Deaton A. Rising morbidity and mortality in mid-life among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Dec 8;112(49):15078-83

http://graphics.wsj.com/infectious-diseases-and-vaccines/

The world, by preventable deaths In rich territories, deaths from most of these conditions are much lower except for infections in the elderly. For this reason they can be considered easily preventable conditions. These conditions are divided into (with their contribution to the total deaths in Group I in 2002): A. Infections [Infectious and parasitic diseases], Map 372, (59% of deaths). These are diseases spread directly or indirectly from person to person. B. Respiratory infections, Map 403, (22% of deaths). These are infections of the ears and respiratory tract. C. Maternal conditions, Map 407, (3% of deaths). These are conditions affecting women before, during and after childbirth. D. Perinatal conditions, Map 408, (13% of deaths). These are conditions arising in babies before or within one week of birth. E. Nutritional deficiencies, Map 411,(3% of deaths). These are conditions due to food, vitamin and mineral shortages. These conditions caused 32% of all deaths worldwide in 2002, an average of 2968 deaths per million people. International Classification of Diseases-10 codes: A00-B99, G00-G04, N70-N73, J00-J06, J10-J18, J20-J22, H65-H66, O00-O99, P00-P96, E00-E02,E40-E46, E50, D50-53,D64.9, E51-64, Territories are sized in proportion to the absolute number of people who died from most preventable (communicable infections, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions) in one year. Worldmapper.<http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=1>

The world, by unhealthy life expectancy Unhealthy life, is the years lived beyond the World Health Organisation’s health-adjusted life expectancy. This measure shows the time spent in poor health. On average 10 years of your life will be spent in poor health. If you live in Azerbaijan you are could spend over 20 years in poor health; the figure for Swaziland is under one year, but the life expectancy there was under 36 years, and falling. The average years of poor health are applied to the population of a territory to show the total years lived in poor health there. Worldmapper.<http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=1>

More than 50% of the population is living in urban areas, 2050 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision. <http://esa/un.org/unup>

Proportion of global population by age, 1950-2050 “Global health and aging.” National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, World Health Organization. <http://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/global_health_and_aging.pdf>

Motor vehicle safety: A 20th century public health achievement. MMWR