health inequalities module Social inequalities in health health inequalities module Institit d’Etudes Avancees de Paris October 24th 2016 Thank PROGEDO colleagues for organising the event with us and Jacques Dubucs for his efforts for social science and humanities in Europe and his support for ESS in particular. Thank Terje Eikemo and colleagues for their scholarship and commitment when developing the module along with input from CST colleagues and of course ESS National Coordinators. Will provide a unique perspective on health inequalities in Europe and beyond eg SA comparisons. Dr. Rory Fitzgerald, Director of ESS ERIC ESS ERIC HQ, City, University of London

ESS Aims Chart stability and change to interpret how Europe’s social, political and moral fabric is changing Achieve and spread higher standards of rigour in cross- national research Introduce soundly-based indicators of national progress Undertake and facilitate the training of European social researchers Improve the visibility and outreach of data on social change

ESS Background Academically led cross-national survey measuring attitudes Data available for everyone to use for free Face-to-face interviews every 2 years (since 2002) Over 350,000 interviews completed 7 rounds completed; undertaking fieldwork for 8th Won 2005 Descartes Prize Became ERIC in 2013 / landmark in 2016 3,140 English language academic publications used ESS data (2003-15) Survey measures attitudes in each participating country about the media, politics, health and wellbeing, gender, demographics, immigration, citizen involvement, economic morality, family work, welfare, ageism, justice, democracy and health inequalities Almost 100,000 data users - around 75% students Won 2005 Descartes Prize for Research & Science Communication The European Social Survey ERIC was recognized as an ESFRI Landmark Research Infrastructure by the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) in March 2016 There are actually well over 3k publications on the ESS Bibliography

ESS Quality Highlights Leading social scientist appointed as NC in each country Probability samples in all countries (no substitution) Effective sample size of 1500 Extensive questionnaire design and pretesting Committee translation procedures Same data collection mode in all countries Best fieldwork agency selected Detailed data collected about response process Detailed data processing and post hoc assessment

Use of ESS infrastructure Social Indicators Research 68 European Sociological Review 59 European Societies 29 Journal of European Social Policy 24 International Journal of Public Opinion Research 20 Comparative Political Studies 17 Survey Research Methods West European Politics International Journal of Comparative Sociology 16 Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 14 Social Science & Medicine International Journal of Sociology 13 Public Opinion Quarterly Comparative European Politics 12 Social Science Research European Journal of Political Research 11 Portuguese Journal of Social Sciences Revue D'Épidémiologie Et De Santé Publique ASK, Research and Methods 10 International Political Science Review Political Studies 3140 EL publications overall 1442 articles in 602 journals 494 books & chapters 414 working papers 618 conference papers Soon start work looking at use in other languages

Use of ESS infrastructure As at 17 June 2016, the number of registered users of ESS was 94,617. At this rate should have 100,000 by the end of the calendar year. Of these 94,617 users, 63.7% (60,317) are students; 19.2% (18,199) faculty and research; 7.6% (7,176) PhD thesis; 2.7% (2,574) private individuals; 1.8% (1,682) Organisation (NGO); 1.7% (1,604) Government; 1.4% (1,312) Private enterprise; and 1.9% (1,753) listed as Other.

Socio-economic impact Presentations at European, Italian and Lithuanian parliaments, OECD, UK Cabinet Office Policy impact eg UK policing, Bulgarian immigration legislation, EU Justice indicators Media coverage Key data source for teaching (data driven age) Other surveys adopting ESS procedures and standards Participating national teams knowledge exchange in RI Fieldwork agency contract / interviewers Impact case study Social sciences are excellent value for money

Core question topics Trust in institutions Political engagement Socio-political values Moral & social values Social exclusion Immigration Ancestry Security and terrorism National, ethnic, religious ID Well-being, health, security Demographic composition Education and occupation Financial circumstances Household circumstances

Readers can ignore the core topics stuff (see bottom left)

Commitment to the ESS 17 countries ESS ERIC Members (4 R8 Guests) 36 Countries have taken part in at least one round of the survey: 27 EU states (not Malta) + 9 others: Norway, Switzerland, Israel, Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, Iceland, Kosovo, Albania Austria Poland Belgium Portugal Czech Republic Slovenia Estonia Sweden France Switzerland* Germany UK Hungary Ireland Finland Lithuania Iceland Netherlands Israel Norway Russia

Questionnaire design Romania not been in recent rounds so go back a little

4. Revised proposals from question designers Stages 1, 2 and 4 repeated 2. Expert review of questions 1. Proposals from question designers 18. Mainstage Fieldwork 3. Use of Survey Quality Predictor Program (SQP) 5. Consultation with ESS National Coordinators 9. Split ballot MTMM experiments developed 10. Large-scale two-nation quantitative pilot & Advance Translation 13. Consultation with ESS National Coordinators 11. Pilot analysis & results of advance translation 15. Translation & Translation Verification 12. Expert review & revised proposals from question designers 14. Final source Questionnaires produced 6. Omnibus Testing & Cognitive Interviewing 7. Omnibus Analysis & CI Analysis 8. Revised proposals from question designers 16. SQP coding 17. Country pre-tests

Alcohol Please think about the last time you were drinking alcohol on a Monday, a Tuesday, a Wednesday or a Thursday. INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE SHOWCARD. How many of each of the following drinks did you have on that occasion? Use this card to guide your answer. INTERVIEWER PROBE: any other drinks? Asked about weekday, weekend and binge drinking

Adaptation: Source Showcard

Adaptation: France

Adaptation: Norway

Methods notes Romania not been in recent rounds so go back a little

Methodological Notes Sociological background variables provide rich context Module measures self-reported health (gender differences?) Mental health items challenge to ask cross-nationally High quality sampling, translation and fieldwork Reasonable coverage of Europe (except for South) Small samples for those with certain conditions (grouping required) Exclusion of institutional population from samples Specific items a challenge cross-nationally eg GPs

ESS Round 7 Response Rate Try as far as possible to keep one survey design but there are inevitably differences in inputs and outcomes (see RR here).

r.fitzgerald@city.ac.uk www.europeansocialsurvey.org @ESS_Survey european-social-survey