Skeletal System

Opener: How do you maintain strong bones throughout your life? (Hint): There are two different things you need to do. Remember to write at least three complete sentences.

Opener discussion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgweURk5K5A

Skeletal functions, (notes) Provides protection for vital organs Produces blood cells Stores minerals Provides levers for movement Provides framework allowing us to remain upright

Skeletal System Axial Skull

Axial continued Vertebra

Axial continued Sacrum

Axial System, (notes) 80 bones Functions of the axial system include: Protection of the brain Protection of internal organ systems Movement Protection of the spinal cord Organization of nerve bundles Protection of reproductive organs

Appendicular System Shoulder

Appendicular continued Bones of the arm & hand

Appendicular continued Bones of the legs

Appendicular System, (notes) 126 bones Functions of the appendicular system include: Movement Grasping Lifting Sitting Standing

Activity: Draw your partners hand on a white piece of construction paper Then draw in where you think the bones are Identify the bones

Types of bones, (notes) Long: such as the femur or humerus Short: such as found in the hands and feet Flat: such as found in the skull and ribs Irregular: such as found in the vertebra

Structure of the bone

Structure of bone continued

Structure of bone continued, (notes) Periosteum: covering over bone which provides nourishment and development of osteocytes. Spongy bone: Found in ends of bone where compression occurs. Compact bone: Found in the center of the bone where strength is required. Epiphysis: End of the bone where joints meet. Diaphsis: The long portion of the bone.

Bone growth

Bone Growth, (notes) The majority of baby bones are actually cartilage Ossification: When bones grow they change from cartilage to hard bone. The majority of bone growth occurs while you are sleeping. You can tell when you are done growing because your patella does not move from side to side as the growth platelet become solid and the cartilage has stiffened.

Skeletal Joints

Skeletal Joints continued, (notes) Functions of the skeletal joints: Articulation Junctions between bones Enable body to move Bind skeleton together Provide for bone separation during childbirth Cushioned with synovial packets

Skeletal Joints continued

Types of Skeletal Joints, (notes) Ball and socket: found in the hip/leg joints & the shoulder/arm Hinge: found in the elbows and knees Saddle: found in the thumbs Gliding: found in the hands & feet Pivot: found in the neck Condloyd: found in the front of the neck

Skeletal Connective Tissue

Skeletal Connective Tissue continued, (notes) Function of skeletal connective tissue: Ligament connects bone to bone to provide structure and allow for movement. Tendon connects muscle to bone and also allow movement.

Common Skeletal Injuries, (notes) Bone break: take 6 months for all tissue to be replaced. Sprain: painful swelling at the joint & small tears of the tissue. Dislocation: joint has become out of place. Tear of tendon: also takes a full 6 months to heal completely.

Diseases of the Skeletal System

Diseases of the Skeletal System, (notes) Osteoporosis: Disease in which the number of osteocytes produced is significantly less than what dies off. Results in brittle bones which break easily. Arthritis: Auto-immune disease where the immune system attacks the joints and causes inflammation. Leukemia: Cancer of the white blood cells. Scoliosis: Sideways curvature of the spine. Bone cancer: Cancer of the osteocytes. Rickets: Lack of vitamin D causes weakening of the bone tissue.