Lab Safety
Welcome Think about: What are some good lab rules for handling chemicals?
Handling Chemicals Safely Work with only small containers
Handling Chemicals Safely Work with only small containers Use containers that can be easily handled (poured into or poured from.)
You Decide What would you do if you had a big jug of a solution of potassium nitrate and you needed to pour it into a 10 mL graduated cylinder?
Handling Chemicals Safely Work with only small containers Use containers that can be easily handled (poured into or poured from.) When pouring from a big bottle, it is always better to pour into a beaker before filling a graduated cylinder or flask (narrow opening).
Handling Chemicals Safely Work with only small containers Use containers that can be easily handled (poured into or poured from.) When pouring from a big bottle, it is always better to pour into a beaker before filling a graduated cylinder or flask (narrow opening). Stirring Rod Technique: pour the liquid down a glass stir rod.
Handling Chemicals Safely 2. Mix chemicals only when instructed to do so by the teacher or by the directions.
Handling Chemicals Safely 2. Mix chemicals only when instructed to do so by the teacher or by the directions. Mixing chemicals in the wrong order or mixing the wrong chemicals together could result in dangerous reactions.
Handling Chemicals Safely 2. Mix chemicals only when instructed to do so by the teacher or by the directions. Mixing chemicals in the wrong order or mixing the wrong chemicals together could result in dangerous reactions. Pouring water into concentrated sulfuric or phosphoric acid releases a large amount of heat quickly - could boil the acid and cause it splatter or even be ejected from the container (AA - add acid to water)
Handling Chemicals Safely 2. Mix chemicals only when instructed to do so by the teacher or by the directions. Mixing chemicals in the wrong order or mixing the wrong chemicals together could result in dangerous reactions. Pouring water into concentrated sulfuric or phosphoric acid releases a large amount of heat quickly - could boil the acid and cause it splatter or even be ejected from the container (AA - add acid to water) Adding acid to ammonium thiocyanate releases highly toxic cyanide gas.
Handling Chemicals Safely 2. Mix chemicals only when instructed to do so by the teacher or by the directions. Mixing chemicals in the wrong order or mixing the wrong chemicals together could result in dangerous reactions. Pouring water into concentrated sulfuric or phosphoric acid releases a large amount of heat quickly - could boil the acid and cause it splatter or even be ejected from the container (AA - add acid to water) Adding acid to ammonium thiocyanate releases highly toxic cyanide gas.
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels Look for: Name Concentration Safety warnings
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels Name of chemical - some chemicals have similar names (sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide)
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels Name of chemical some chemicals have similar names (sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide) Reread so you use the right chemical
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels Name of chemical - some chemicals have similar names so watch out (sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide) Concentration
Aside Most chemicals we use are in solution. They are solutions (mixtures) of the chemical and water.
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels Name of chemical - some chemicals have similar names so watch out (sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide) Concentration 18M NaCl, 12M NaCl, 6M NaCl, 1M NaCl etc. . .
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels Name of chemical - some chemicals have similar names so watch out (sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide) Concentration 18M NaCl, 12M NaCl, 6M NaCl, 1M NaCl etc. . . In this example 18M is the most concentrated (more NaCl, less water) 1M is the least concentrated (less NaCl, more water)
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Concentration 70% isopropyl alcohol, 90% isopropyl alcohol (usually percentage by mass)
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Concentration 70% isopropyl alcohol, 90% isopropyl alcohol (usually percentage by mass) 70% isopropyl alcohol is 70 g of isopropyl alcohol mixed with 30g of water
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Concentration 70% isopropyl alcohol, 90% isopropyl alcohol (usually percentage by mass) 70% isopropyl alcohol is 70 g of isopropyl alcohol mixed with 30g of water 90% isopropyl alcohol is 90 g of isopropyl alcohol for every 10 g of water
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Concentration 70% isopropyl alcohol, 90% isopropyl alcohol (usually percentage by mass) 70% isopropyl alcohol is 70 g of isopropyl alcohol mixed with 30g of water 90% isopropyl alcohol is 90 g of isopropyl alcohol for every 10 g of water Important concept: the higher the number the higher the concentration (less water)
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals.
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic - cancer causing
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic - cancer causing Oxidizer -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic - cancer causing Oxidizer - starts fires easily or may react violently with other chemicals (provides oxygen)
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic - cancer causing Oxidizer - starts fires easily or may react violently with other chemicals (provides oxygen) Mutagen -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic - cancer causing Oxidizer - starts fires easily or may react violently with other chemicals (provides oxygen) Mutagen - causes mutations in DNA (genetic code)
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic - cancer causing Oxidizer - starts fires easily or may react violently with other chemicals (provides oxygen) Mutagen - causes mutations in DNA (genetic code) Teratogen -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Corrosive - eat away skin, metals. Poison/toxic - can kill you Carcinogenic - cancer causing Oxidizer - starts fires easily or may react violently with other chemicals (provides oxygen) Mutagen - causes mutations in DNA (genetic code) Teratogen - causes mutations or birth defects in a developing fetus.
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - Inflammable -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - burns Inflammable - burns
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - burns Inflammable - burns Volatile -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - burns Inflammable - burns Volatile - evaporates easily
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - burns Inflammable - burns Volatile - evaporates easily Explosive - could explode under certain circumstances.
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - burns Inflammable - burns Volatile - evaporates easily Explosive - could explode under certain circumstances. Shock sensitive -
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - burns Inflammable - burns Volatile - evaporates easily Explosive - could explode under certain circumstances. Shock sensitive - bump, jar, etc… could cause explosion.
Handling Chemicals Safely 3. Read and reread labels cont’ Safety Warnings Flammable - burns Inflammable - burns Volatile - evaporates easily Explosive - could explode under certain circumstances. Shock sensitive - bump, jar, etc… could cause explosion. Hygroscopic - absorbs water from the air.
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab)
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab) 5. Replace caps, lids, and stoppers in bottles immediately when finished using that bottle.
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab) 5. Replace caps, lids, and stoppers in bottles immediately when finished using that bottle. Prevents spilling.
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab) 5. Replace caps, lids, and stoppers in bottles immediately when finished using that bottle. Prevents spilling. Prevents contamination of the bottle (dust, dirt, flies, etc…)
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab) 5. Replace caps, lids, and stoppers in bottles immediately when finished using that bottle. Prevents spilling. Prevents contamination of the bottle (dust, dirt, flies, etc…) Prevents evaporation of water
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab) 5. Replace caps, lids, and stoppers in bottles immediately when finished using that bottle. Prevents spilling. Prevents contamination of the bottle (dust, dirt, flies, etc…) Prevents evaporation of water (changes the concentration)
Aside Volitile: evaporates easily Vapors (gas) may be toxic, flammable or explosive
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab) 5. Replace caps, lids, and stoppers in bottles immediately when finished using that bottle. Prevents spilling. Prevents contamination of the bottle (dust, dirt, flies, etc…) Prevents evaporation of water (changes concentration) Prevents evaporation of volatile liquids (
Handling Chemicals Safely 4. Read instructions all the way through first. (before you start the lab) 5. Replace caps, lids, and stoppers in bottles immediately when finished using that bottle. Prevents spilling. Prevents contamination of the bottle (dust, dirt, flies, etc…) Prevents evaporation of water (changes concentration) Prevents evaporation of volatile liquids (flammable, toxic, explosive)