ECOLOGICAL SHIP AND PORT WATERS GUIDED MANAGEMENT TOPIC 7 1

Learning Objectives 7.1. Introduction to shipping and ports ecology and environment economy 7.2. Understanding environmental regulations: ISO 14000 Norm Series 7.3. Complying with EMAS, the Eco-Managing and Audit Scheme of the European Union 7.4. Development of Environmental Instrument : Eco - Mapping 2

7.1 INTRODUCTION TO SHIPPING AND PORTS ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY The waste discharges is well managed. The limited resources is well managed and sustained over as long as possible. Ship operators are thoroughly monitored. Economics activity in synch with maintaining security and safety of the environment.

Introduction to Industrial ecology and Ports Industrial ecology examines the way in which industrial systems can mimic natural systems, and in so doing reduce their impact on, and increase their harmony with, the natural environment. Industrial ecology seeks to take a systematic approach to the “management of materials and energy flows through the human economy, including beneficial use of waste”.

Understanding the materials, energy, water and other resources being consumed to produce products and services is an important start point for systematically looking at how the industrial systems and processes can be re-designed, costs reduced and new opportunities grasped. Importantly this will also support pro-active management of the risks and vulnerabilities we face from reducing resource availability.

7.2 Understanding environmental regulations: ISO 14000 series To implement pollution prevention for all types of waste discharges the respect littoral states must have an Act that can support their actions. In US it’s the EPA while in Malaysia is The Environmental Act 1976. The government supports initiatives taken from private sector to enhance pollution prevention services in order to protect its coastline from being polluted, that could disrupt vegetation and living and non living organisms. 3

ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management that exists to help organizations (a) To help organization to minimize on their operations/process. (b) minimize how their operations (processes etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (c) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements, and (d) continually maintain and improve in the above. ISO 14000 is similar to ISO 9000 quality management in that both pertain to the process of how a product is produced, rather than to the product itself.

As of 2010, ISO 14001 is now used by at least 223 149 organizations in 159 countries and economies. The ISO 14000 family includes most notably the ISO 14001 standard, which represents the core set of standards used by organizations for designing and implementing an effective environmental management system. Other standards included in this series are ISO 14004, which gives additional guidelines for a good environmental management system, and more specialized standards dealing with specific aspects of environmental management.

The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is "to promote more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations and to provide useful and usable tools - ones that are cost effective, system-based, flexible and reflect the best organizations and the best organizational practices available for gathering, interpreting and communicating environmentally relevant information".

As with ISO 9000, ISO 14000 acts both as an internal management tool and as a way of demonstrating a company’s environmental commitment to its customers and clients. Prior to the development of the ISO 14000 series, organizations voluntarily constructed their own EMS, but this made comparisons of environmental effects between companies difficult and therefore the universal ISO 14000 series was developed.

An EMS is defined by ISO as: “part of the overall management system, that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving and maintaining the environmental policy’ (ISO 1996 cited in Federal Facilities Council Report 1999)

List of ISO 14000 series standards ISO 14001 Environmental management systems—Requirements with guidance for use ISO 14004 Environmental management systems—General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques ISO 14015 Environmental assessment of sites and organizations ISO 14020 series (14020 to 14025) Environmental labels and declarations ISO 14030 discusses post production environmental assessment ISO 14031 Environmental performance evaluation—Guidelines

ISO 14040 series (14040 to 14049), Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, discusses pre-production planning and environment goal setting. ISO 14050 terms and definitions. ISO 14062 discusses making improvements to environmental impact goals. ISO 14063 Environmental communication—Guidelines and examples ISO 14064 Measuring, quantifying, and reducing Greenhouse Gas emissions. ISO 19011 which specifies one audit protocol for both 14000 and 9000 series standards together.

7.3 Complying with the eco-managing and audit scheme (EMAS) of the European union ISO 14001 and EMAS In 2010, the latest EMAS Regulation (EMAS III) entered into force; the scheme is now globally applicable, includes key performance indicators and a range of further improvements. Currently, more than 4,500 organisations and approximately 7,800 sites are EMAS registered. 3

Development of EMAS The first EMAS Regulation (EMAS I) was adopted in 1993 and became operational in 1995. It was originally restricted to companies in industrial sectors. With the first revision of the EMAS Regulation in 2001 (EMAS II), the scheme opened to all economic sectors including public and private services. In addition, EMAS II was strengthened by the integration of the environmental management requirements of ISO 14001; by adopting a new EMAS logo to signal engagement to stakeholders; and by considering more strongly indirect effects such as those related to financial services or administrative and planning decisions.

The latest revision of EMAS came into effect on 11 January 2010 (EMAS III). With the introduction of EMAS III, the scheme is globally applicable and no longer limited to EU Member States. With EMAS III the EU also introduced obligatory Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in order to harmonize reporting on environmental performance. The number of EMAS registered organisations increased from 2,140 in 1997 to 4,659 in 2011.

EMAS Regulation: Structure The EU EMAS Regulation entails 52 Articles and 8 Annexes: Chapter I: General provisions Chapter II: Registration of organisations Chapter III: Obligations of registered organisations Chapter IV: Rules applicable to Competent Bodies Chapter V: Environmental verifiers Chapter VI: Accreditation and Licensing Bodies Chapter VII: Rules applicable to Member States Chapter VIII: Rules applicable to the Commission Chapter IX: Final provisions

Annex I: Environmental review Annex II: Environmental management system requirements (based on EN ISO 14001:2004) and additional issues to be addressed by organisations implementing EMAS Annex III: Internal environmental audit Annex IV: Environmental reporting Annex V: EMAS logo Annex VI: Information requirements for registration Annex VII: Environmental verifier’s declaration on verification and validation activities Annex VIII: Correlation table (EMAS II/EMAS III)

EMAS Key Performance Indicators The EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme provides core indicators or Performance Indicator (KPIs) with which registered organisations can measure their environmental performance and monitor their continual environmental improvement against set targets.

Key benefits of indicators Environmental performance can be reviewed and tracked regularly, which provides a basis for managerial decision-making leading to performance improvements Performance can also be compared against competitors to arrive at a benchmark The use of indicators leads to consistent monitoring and reporting throughout a (potentially globally dispersed) organisation External stakeholders gain an understanding of an organisation’s environmental protection practices and are able to express opinions and suggest improvements

ISO 14001‘s environmental management system requirements are an integral part of EMAS. However, EMAS is the most credible and robust environmental management instrument on the market, adding several elements on top of the requirements of the international standard. EMAS organisations acknowledge that active employee involvement is a driving force and a prerequisite for continuous and successful environmental improvements. Most EMAS organisations introduce employee participation schemes at all levels of the organisation to anchor the environmental management and audit system in the organisation successfully.

Indicator set according to EMAS EMAS III requires registered organisations to report on key performance indicators in 6 key environmental areas: Energy efficiency Material efficiency Water Waste Biodiversity Emissions

ISO 30000:2009 Ship recycling management systems. ISO 30000:2009 specifies requirements for a management system to enable a ship recycling facility to develop and implement procedures, policies and objectives in order to be able to undertake safe and environmentally sound ship recycling operations in accordance with national and international standards.

The management system requirements take into account the relevant legal requirement, safety standards and environmental elements that the ship recycling facility needs to identify and comply with in order to carry out safe and environmentally sound ship recycling.

Process applies in ISO 30000:2009 accepting a ship for recycling by the facility; assessing the hazards onboard the ship; identifying and complying with any applicable notification and import requirements for ships to be recycled; carrying out the recycling process in a safe and environmentally sound manner; conducting required training;

ensuring the availability of social amenities (e. g ensuring the availability of social amenities (e.g. first aid, health checks, food and beverages); storage and processing of materials and wastes from the ship; Waste stream and recycling stream management, including contractual agreements; Documentation controls for the process, including any applicable notification of the final disposal of the vessel.