The Industrial Age (Second Industrial Revolution) Outcome: 7 Factors of America’s Industrial Growth

Democracy and Capitalism allow for a prosperous nation Setting the Stage: a. The U.S. has enjoyed many distinct advantages many other countries lack Democracy and Capitalism allow for a prosperous nation Unity following the Civil War along with Industrialization fever led America to evolve into a super producer

1. Natural Resources: Become goods Raw Materials – coal, iron ore, timber Fertile soil -­‐> surplus agriculture -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐> Industrial Revolution Swift moving water = power & transportation

2. Capital ($) Needed to pay for the production of goods a. Stable currency = safe buying and selling (commerce) b. Corporations formed to raise money through the sale of stock c. Bank loans = start-­‐up for factories and businesses

3. Labor Supply: Used to make goods a. High birth rate Immigration from Europe and Asia Women & Children

4. Technology: Better ways to make more & better goods Telephone = better & faster communication Electricity = more production power Factory system = faster production Interchangeable parts -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐> Assembly line ii. Examples Today: Cars, computers, houses d. New inventions = more & better goods

5. Consumers: Bought & used goods & services a. Mail order catalogues expanded sales of goods (Wards & Sears) b. Department stores became common in large cities. c. Overseas Markets = Exports to other countries = mores sales

6. Transportation: Linked raw materials to factories & factory goods to consumer markets River & canals Roads Railroads (By 1900 5 Transcontinental Systems in U.S.)

7. Government Cooperation High tariffs (tax on imports) -­‐> Buying American goods Patent System protected & encouraged inventions No Interstate Tax = Free Trade (Rural Free Delivery) Land Grants to railroads encouraged westward growth Laissez-­‐Faire philosophy = Hands-­‐Off (limited) Government

Result: Due to these 7 factors coupled with our strong democratic & capitalistic beliefs, America was primed to become an economic superpower in the next 50 years. However, economic power does not come without its share of problems and those who are able to exploit the laissez-­‐faire system.

List 3 natural resources the US had existing in the US. US Labor supply was impacted strongly by immigration but US companies also hired ______ and __________ for cheap labor. What is the importance of the assembly line? What is a ‘tariff’? What is Laissez Faire government?

The Gilded Age The Gilded Age Historians sometimes refer to the Second Industrial Revolution as the “Gilded Age” A gilded surface has a thin layer of gold on top concealing a less expensive metal beneath Phrase taken from Mark Twain Humorously criticized greed and corruption in American society

Social Darwinism Philosophy that the most successful individuals were those endowed with superior talents who had the ability to adapt, survive, and thrive Wealthy people often viewed poverty as the fault of the poor themselves rather than as the product of circumstances or of injustices in the social system

Florida History Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) Partner of John D. Rockefeller in the creation of Standard Oil In 1887 and 1888, he built the Ponce de Leon Hotel (now Flagler College) and other luxury hotels in Palm Beach and Miami, forming the basis for the tourism industry “Father of Miami”

Henry Morrison Flagler