Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition 27/11/11 FOOD FROM THE OCEAN New York, 6th June 2017 HLPE Report Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition Dr Patrick Caron Chair High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) Committee on world Food Security (CFS)

Key messages Importance of fisheries and aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) Possible pathways towards sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for better FSN Call for improving the governance of fisheries and aquaculture for FSN The report is organized in four sections (read) First we look at the importance of fish for FSN, and explain the determinants of this relation. This significance is a reality for many, in many places and contexts. There is also a potential to develop fish’s contribution to FSN for many, in many places and contexts. Second, we look at what can be done to improve and maximize the contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to FSN. We look at the environmental, economic and social challenges and opportunities. One strong point of our analysis, as we will see, is that the pathways to better FSN are those of sustainable FI&A, in all the three dimensions of sustainable development: environmental, economic, social. Third, what needs to be done and the way such options are identified, chosen, designed and implemented is determined by the governance of the sector. So we look with a food security and nutrition lens, at the wide range of governance issues bearing on fisheries and aquaculture, from international to regional, national and subnational levels. Chapter 4 draws conclusions from the previous chapters in order to propose recommendations.

Fish pathways to food security and nutrition

Fish for people Critical source of livelihood 120 million people depending on fisheries-related activities (fishing, processing, trading), Majority living in developing and emergent countries. Between 660 and 820 million people (workers and their families) as a source of income and support Half are women

Fish pathways to food security and nutrition

Call for Better appreciation and integration of fish in nutrition programmes In national food security and nutrition policies. Capacities of countries to negotiate better fishing agreements to protect FNS of local populations Redirect harmful subsidies towards public good investments that support food security and nutrition Need to improve understanding and M&E of fish contribution to global FSN Understand the possible impact of global drivers (climate change) on the FSN of most vulnerable zones Develop assessment tools and governance concepts to capture and support the contribution of fish to FSN

Opportunity and Challenges Research and develop initiatives aiming at enhancing sustainability and productivity Reduce further the use of fish meal and fish oil as feed in aquaculture and livestock production South-South collaboration Small-scale fishing operations Recognize and support the central contribution of small-scale fisheries to FSN Support self-organized, local professional organizations and cooperatives as a way to foster SSF operators’ integration into markets high priority to small-scale fisheries through adequate planning, legislation and the recognition or allocation of rights and resources

Social Protection and labour rights Trade and markets Ensure that FSN are better taken into account in international, regional and local fish trade. Develop, promote and support domestic and regional fish trade Include FSN criteria into certification standard schemes Social Protection and labour rights Ratify the ILO No. 188 Work in Fishing Convention Improve national level regulations for workers in processing factories and markets, migrant and local crew on fishing vessels

Gender equity Governance Policies and interventions that do not create negative impacts on women and encourage gender equality Enshrine gender equity in all fisheries rights systems, including licensing and access rights Governance Formally protect the rights and tenure for food- insecure people, fishing communities and indigenous and tribal peoples Ensure participation of fishing communities and fish workers in decisions that impact their right to food Reform of international fisheries and ocean governance to improve their transparency and representativeness

The HLPE report is available in 6 languages at : http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/en/ CFS recommendations are available in 6 languages at: http://www.fao.org/cfs/home/products/en/