F.E.PART – II BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING PRESENTATION ON BUILDING PLANNING

BUILDING PLANNING DEFINITION OF BUILDING: Building is a structure. It is a shelter of permanent nature. Used for human habitation and several other purposes. TYPES OF BUILDINGS: PRIVATE BUILDINGS (RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS) Bungalows, flats or apartments, dormitories, chawls, rest houses. PUBLIC BUILDINGS Offices, banks, hospitals, temples, cinema theatres etc. PLANNING – Pre-thinking and pre-arranging the things before an event takes place in order to get satisfactory results.

BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… Art of designing functionally sound, convenient and also economically viable structure by skillfully arranging units of the building. Simply constructing units/rooms of suitable dimensions will not produce comfortable, convenient and elegant structure.

BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… The planning of various units should be such that it- Satisfies completely the functional requirements of the owner and user, Takes into account the future growth and future requirements and Is structurally stable. The structure not only looks elegant, but also proves to be economical in the long run by making best use of surrounding environment and locally available materials..

CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING – NOT A JOB OF SINGLE PERSON. IT IS A TEAM WORK. SEVERAL AGENCIES / PERSONNELS ARE INVOLVED – BUILDING INDUSTRY BUILDING – A FINISHED PRODUCT OF BUILDING INDUSTRY

BUILDING / CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AGENCIES INVOLVED IN BUILDING INDUSTRY: OWNER ARCHITECT - Responsible for functional design CONTRACTOR SITE ENGIEER CIVIL ENGINEER – Responsible for execution of the work STRUCTURAL ENGINEER SPECIALIST FIRMS BUILDING SUPERVISOR BUILDER MATERIAL SUPPLIER ARBITRATOR

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING When a person intends to construct a building he approaches an architect and assigns the work of preparing plans of the proposed building to him. The architect considers the following points while planning. Requirements of the Owner Scope of the Building (Purpose) Shape and Size of the Plot Building Byelaws, Rules and Regulations & then…. Principles of Building Planning

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (1) Requirements of the owner: The requirements of owner differ based on their profession. In addition to the usual requirements of living room, kitchen etc. A professor : Study room Doctor : Dispensary. Advocate : Office

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (2) The scope of the proposed building: Scope - purpose of the building. a residential building, a hospital building, a school building or bank building. The facilities to be provided will be different for different types of buildings. Accordingly the layout will be changed. Different layouts for different buildings. Compact layout – Bank Building / Residential Buildings Spread up Layout – Public Buildings.

BUILDING LAYOUTS SPREAD UP LAYOUT COMPACT LAYOUT

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD.. (3) Building Site: (i) The planning and designing of buildings depends on plot size and Shape. PLOT BUILDING ROAD

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (3) Building Site Contd..: (ii) General Configuration of ground (i.e. nature of the ground): If the site/plot is sloping, then advantage of the slope is derived by providing car park. The building will be on stilts and car park below it. (iii) Nature of foundation: The foundation rests on hard-strata. If black cotton soil is there upto 3m depth, then it is beneficial to provide basement.

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (4) Building regulations and bye-laws: The architect has to observe the rules framed by the local authority i.e. Municipal Corporation or Municipality. Grampanchayat (District Collector)

PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING PLANNING Then architect prepares design of a building with the help of the following principles of planning. Aspect Prospect Privacy Roominess Grouping Circulation Furniture requirement Flexibility Sanitation Elegance Economy and practical consideration

SUN DIAGRAM NORTH WINTER WIND NO SUN W E WINTER SUN SUMMER SUN BREEZE SUN SETS W E SUN RISE WINTER SUN SUMMER SUN BREEZE SOUTH

SUN RAYS ADMITTED INTO KITCHEN 1. ASPECT Disposition of doors and windows in the external walls – occupants can enjoy the gifts of the nature viz; sun-shine, breeze, veiw of landscape etc. SUN RAYS ADMITTED INTO KITCHEN ASPECT – EAST SIDE KITCHEN EAST SIDE

ASPECTS FOR DIFFERENT ROOMS STUDY ROOM STORE STAIR CASE NORTH BED ROOMS WEST KITCHEN EAST LIVING, VERANDAH SOUTH

OUTSIDE GREENEARY CANNOT BE SEEN FROM INSIDE, HENCE NO PROSPECT WINDOW AT HIGHER LEVEL 2. PROSPECT OUTSIDE GREENEARY CANNOT BE SEEN FROM INSIDE, HENCE NO PROSPECT OUTSIDE VIEW SEEN FROM INSIDE OF THE ROOM FLOWER BED

WINDOW TAKEN TO LOWER LEVEL PROSPECT CONTD… WINDOW TAKEN TO LOWER LEVEL OUTSIDE GOOD SCENES, GREENARY CAN BE SEEN BY SITTING INSIDE THE ROOM, HENCE GOOD PROSPECT FLOWER BED

CONCEALING UNDESIRABLE VIEW PROSPECT CONTD… INSIDE OBSERVER INSIDER OBSERVER LARGE VIEW DESIRED LESS VIEW DESIRED CONCEALING UNDESIRABLE VIEW

EXPOSURE OF THE INTERIOR SPACE / ROOM TO THE VISITORS VISION 3. PRIVACY EXPOSURE OF THE INTERIOR SPACE / ROOM TO THE VISITORS VISION TYPES OF PRIVACY: (1) PRIVACY OF ALL PARTS OF BUILDING WITH REFERENCE TO SURROUNDING BUILDINGS, ROADS ETC. THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY-- GROWING PLANTS, TREES ETC PROVIDING HIGH WINDOWS WITH RESPECT TO ROADS, GROUNDS ETC. (2) PRIVACY OF ONE ROOM FROM ANOTHER ROOM: THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY— CAREFULLY POSITIONING OF DOORS & WINDOWS

PRIVACY DEPENDS ON PLACEMENT OF DOORS /WINDOW OPENINGS OBSERVER NO PRIVACY MAX PRIVACY OBSERVER MODERATE PRIVACY OBSERVER

PRIVACY CONTD… INTERNAL PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY PROVIDING CURTAINS PROVIDING SCREENS AVOIDING WINDOWS IN INTERIOR WALLS OF THE ROOM

4. ROOMINESS GETTING MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OR SPACE OF ROOM RECTANGULAR SHAPED ROOM GIVES FEELING OF MORE SPACE THAN SQUARE SHAPED ROOM FOR THE SAME AREA LESS AREA AVAILABLE MORE AREA AVAILABLE

5. GROUPING ARRANGEMENT OF VARIOUS ROOMS IN RELATION WITH THEIRFUNCTIONS GOOD GROUPING KIT LIVING DIN BED STAIR S.B. IMPROPER GROUPING KIT LIVING BED DIN STAIR S.B.

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION – PASSAGES, CORRIDORS, VERANDAHS ETC. VERTICAL CIRCULATION – STAIRS, LIFTS, ESCALATORS ETC. DOOR DOOR DOOR BAD CIRCULATION GOOD CIRCULATION HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION

GOOD CIRCULATION WITH STAIR INSIDE BAD CIRCULATION WITH OUTSIDE STAIR 6. CIRCULATION CONTD… VERTICAL CIRCULATION STUDY KIT BED VER LIV N STUDY KIT BED VER LIV GOOD CIRCULATION WITH STAIR INSIDE BAD CIRCULATION WITH OUTSIDE STAIR

7. FURNITURE REQUIREMENT FUNCTION OF THE ROOM DECIDES THE FURNITURE REQUIREMENT OF THAT ROOM LIV HALL – SOFA SET, TEAPOY, TV CASE, SHOWCASE, DIWAN ETC. BED – SINGLE, DOUBLE BEDS, DRESSING TABLE, ALMIRAH ETC. DINING – DINNING TABLE, CHAIRS, CUPBOARDS ETC. KNOWING TYPE OF FURNITURE THE DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM CAN BE ARRIVED AT.

8. FLEXIBILITY TO FACILITATE ACCOMODATION OF CHANGES IN THE PLAN OF THE BUILDING IN FUTURE IF NECESSARY ROOM 1 ROOM 2 BIG HALL

9. SANITATION LIGHTING NATURAL LIGHTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING VENTILATION NATURAL VENTILATION ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION CLEANLINESS SANITARY PROVISIONS BATHS-ROOMS WATER CLOSETS LATRINES

10. ELEGENCE ELEGANCE MEANS THE AESHTETIC VIEW OF THE BUILDING OR THE BEAUTY OF THE BUILDING ELEGANCE OF THE BUILDING CAN BE ACHIEVED BY INCREASING THE PLINTH HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS TREATMENT OF EXTERIOR OF BUILDING – SLOPING ROOF, PROJECTIONS ETC.

ELEGENCE : CLASSROOM BUILDING

11. ECONOMY MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM, DOORS, WINDOWS, SIMPLE DESIGN OF WINDOWS, PROVIDING MINIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDING AVOIDING PORCHES, LOBBIES ETC

BUILDING BYE-LAWS (RULES & REGULATIONS) THE LOCAL LAW FRAMED BY THE AUTHORITY. AUTHORITIES: MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIAPLITY / MUNICIPAL COUNCIL GRAMPANCHAYAT (DISTRICT COLLECTOR)

NECESSITY OF BYE-LAWS TO GIVE GUIDE LINES TO THE DESIGNER, ARCHITECT OR ENGINEER AVOID HAPHAZARD GROWTH OF HOUSES TO CHECK UN-AUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS TO AFFORD SAFETY

BUILDING BYE-LAWS…. BUILDING AND CONTROL LINES OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS BUILT-UP AREAS FLOOR SPACE INDEX (FSI / FAR) HEIGHT OF BUILDING

BUILDING LINE AND CONTROL LINE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS PUBLIC BUILDINGS ROAD TYPE OF ROAD BUILDING LINE CONTROL LINE NH, SH 30M 45M MDR 15M 24M ODR 9M VILLAGE ROAD

OPEN SPACES AROUND BUILDINGS HT OF BUILDING 5 6 9 12 15 18 20 24 WIDTH OF OPEN SPACE, M 3 3.3 4 4.7 5.4 6.1 7.4 OPEN SP PLOT BUILDING ROAD

BUILT-UP AREAS AREA OF THE PLOT PERMISSIBLE BUILT-UP AREA WITH 2-STOREYED STRUCTURE < 200 SqM 60% 200 SqM TO 500SqM 50% 500 SqM TO 1000 SqM 40% >1000 SqM 33.33%

FLOOR SPACE INDEX TOTAL BUILT-UO AREA OF ALL FLOORS F.S.I. = TOTAL PLOT AREA F.S.I. = MORE NO OF FLOORS LESS NO OF FLOORS

LIMITS ON HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS WIDTH OF ROAD MAX HT OF BUILDING UPTO 8M NOT MORE THAN 1.5W 8M TO 12M NOT MORE THAN 12M >12M NOT MORE THAN WIDTH OF ROAD AND NOT MORE THAN 21M

HEIGHT OF BUILDING 45 O & 63.5 O AIR PLANE RULES S H 63.5 O REAR BOUNDRY