The Roaring Twenties (1919-1929)

Note: Not the Consumption Eighteenth Amendment Prohibition was the ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor in the United States. Note: Not the Consumption Eighteenth Amendment Liquor was banned in the United States.

Many Americans found ways to get around the law Many Americans found ways to get around the law. People manufactured their own liquor in their own homes. Smugglers hid bottles in their own boots; they became known as bootleggers. Organized crime began providing liquor for every illegal speak-easy. Speakeasies and Underground Gambling Halls became the “norm.” Prohibition of Alcohol and Gambling were attempts to legislate morality.

Another Amendment that changed American lives was the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote. The league of women voters was set up to help educate the voters. Suffragettes

Traditional/Fundamental Views The Roaring Twenties During the 1920’s new dances, new music, new games, and other new ways of fun swept the country. Young women known as flappers rebelled against the traditional ways of thinking and acting. Modernist Views Flappers Traditional/Fundamental Views

Traditional Women vs Modern Women Conservative women were traditionally expected to act a certain way. Don’t drink Don’t smoke Don’t be loud Dress Conservatively Flappers were much more loose and casual with the way they carried themselves. They drank They smoked They were outgoing They dressed provocatively

A pianist played music that went with the action. Radios became very popular in the 1920’s. They allowed people to listen to music, news, and radio programs in their homes. Millions of Americans went to the movies. The first movies had no sound and were in black and white. A pianist played music that went with the action. An early radio

Louis Armstrong The 1920’s was the beginning of jazz. New Orleans was the birthplace of jazz with Louis Armstrong as one of the brilliant young African American musicians who helped create it.

Duke Ellington and his orchestra In the 1920’s, large numbers of African American musicians, artists, and writers settled in Harlem. This period became known as the Harlem Renaissance. During the Harlem Renaissance, young black artists celebrated their African-American heritage.

Langston Hughes was the best known poet of the Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was the best known poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He published his first poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers. Langston Hughes

Marcus Garvey (far right) in parade After returning from World War I African Americans returned to a segregated society. Racial prejudice was widespread throughout the United States. Marcus Garvey became a popular black leader. He started a black nationalist movement promoting black unity worldwide known as Pan-Africanism. Marcus Garvey (far right) in parade Marcus Garvey

Athletes such as Jack Dempsey and Bill Tilden became famous during the 1920’s. Charles Lindbergh flew a plane (Spirit of St. Louis) from New York across the Atlantic Ocean to Paris. He was known as “Lucky Lindy.” Bill Tilden Charles Lindbergh Jack Dempsey

Traditional Education vs Modern Education Evolution Education John Scopes decided to teach it anyway. His case “The Scopes Trial” went all the way to the Tennessee Supreme Court. The original law banning evolution was upheld, but this began the argument for teaching evolution in classrooms. Religious Education Tennessee State Law prohibited the teaching evolution in science classrooms.

Politics and Prosperity Warren G. Harding was elected as the new President in 1921 on the campaign “Return to Normalcy.” World War I helped the economy. Factories expanded rapidly to meet the need for military supplies. When the war was over more than 2 million soldiers came home looking for jobs. At the same time factories stopped turning out war materials. The result was a sharp recession, or economic slump. Warren G. Harding

Harding filled his cabinet positions with his old friends Harding filled his cabinet positions with his old friends. This created a scandal. Many believed Harding’s sudden death was attributed to the many scandals during his presidency. In the Teapot Dome Scandal the first cabinet official was sent to prison for being involved in an oil bribery schemes. On the day Harding died, Calvin Coolidge, the Vice President, became the new President. Calvin Coolidge

Coolidge set out to repair the damage caused by the scandals by getting rid of Harding’s corrupt friends. Coolidge was Pro-Business He thought the government should stay out of the affairs of private businesses (Laissez-faire). Coolidge cut regulations on business to make the country prosper. As a result, industry had a rapid economic growth. This led to more jobs, and incomes also rose. To encourage the buying of products, business allowed installment buying, or buying on credit.

Mass production and consumerism Henry Ford’s use of the assembly line is adopted by most American industries. Thus, American manufacturing output increases at a dramatic rate during the 1920s. With the availability of cheap goods, America becomes a massive consumer society, and the economy booms. People were buying cars, radios, electric ice-boxes, fans, vacuum cleaners…

With the low cost of the automobile, people moved out of the city With the low cost of the automobile, people moved out of the city. A suburb is a community located outside the city. With cars, people could drive to their job in the city even though it was miles away. suburb

Economics for Southern blacks Many black citizens in the South were tied to the land through a system of “sharecropping.” Sharecroppers paid rent to land owners by giving them a large percentage of their crop. Economics and racism gave many Southern blacks a strong incentive to try and escape this life.

Economics in the North After World War I, Northern cities were booming industrial centers. Many Southern blacks will take this opportunity to escape the prejudices of the South and seek job opportunities in the North. This is the “Great Migration.”

Agricultural overproduction Farmers bought more land and more machines, accruing more debt in the process. With more land and more machines, farmers began to overproduce. This naturally forced the price of agricultural products down.

The New York Stock Exchange Buying on credit led to a soaring stock market. Corporations sold stocks, or shares of ownership, to investors. Investors made or lost money depending on whether the price of the shares went up or down. A period of rising of stock prices is known as a bull market. The New York Stock Exchange

BUYING ON MARGIN People began buying stocks with money they borrowed from a broker thinking that they would pay off the loan when they sold the shares.

In the election of 1928 Herbert Hoover became the new President of the United States of America. He was the 31st President of the United States. Herbert Hoover