SSUSH16 : The student will identify key developments in the aftermath of WW I 16a. Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States led to the Red Scare and immigrant restriction

Rise of Socialism and Communism Karl Marx – history is a series of revolutions; Oppressed overthrowing the oppressor New systems gradually become corrupted and oppressed becomes oppressor Workers will overthrow capitalism and workers would share the means of production and distribution – socialism Communism is the extreme version of socialism

Rise of Socialism and Communism The Bolsheviks led the Russian Revolution and called for a worldwide revolution to destroy capitalism A worker controlled economic system appealed to industrial workers in the US and worldwide The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and other unions adopted many revolutionary ideas which led to a radical reputation Strikes became associated with revolution The socialist party made strong showings in the 1912 and 1920 presidential elections

Business Fears Spread of Communism During and after WW1, labor union strikes became increasingly more violent The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and other unions adopted many revolutionary ideas which led to a radical reputation Strikes became associated with revolution 4 million workers participated in a strike in 1919 Business owners blamed the unrest on foreign radicals/immigrants

Red Scare (1918-1920) and Palmer’s Raids (1919) In addition to labor strikes, Communists blamed for sending bombs through mail to public buildings and officials The FBI and Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer led a series of raids against suspected communists; thousands arrested, 556 were deported Palmer believed a revolution was underway, but was later censured by Congress for violating civil liberties

Immigration Restricted 1924 – National Origins Acts passed which established the Quota System that set limits on the number of immigrants who could come from each country Immigration was restricted for three main reasons (among others of course): 1. the Red Scare Fear of Communist revolution in America 2. Nativism – belief that those born in America are superior to immigrants 3. Belief that America should keep its traditional culture intact Anti-immigrant, anti-Jewish and anti-Catholic contributed to a revived Ku Klux Klan nationwide

b. Identify Henry Ford, Mass Production, and the Automobile

Henry Ford In 1908 Henry Ford began to mass produce cars (Model T) He paid his workers $5 a day – very high for the time First Model T cost $925; ten years later cost was $280 – cars the “everyday man” could afford

Henry Ford Ford used mass production He built his cars on an assembly line – this increased production and drove down the price Standardized parts, specialization of labor, careful management Each worker had a specific job to do This helped speed up the building process, reducing the cost of automobiles

Transformed American culture Increased autonomy Could travel greater distances much quicker – expanded suburbs Social life and symbol of social status The automobile industry also created growth in other industries such as Rubber, glass, lead industries

c. Describe the impact of radio and the movies

Growth of Mass Media and Culture: Radio 1920 election was first radio broadcast 1923- 3 million Americans had a radio; 1925- 600 radio stations Music, stories, sporting events and news Helped create a common cultural experience both in consumption of the program and through advertising of the latest products

Growth of Mass Media and Culture: Movies Thomas Edison invented the motion picture in the late 1800s By late 1920s movies had sound Movies became big business – 800 feature films produced per year in 1920s Many social conservatives often disapproved of movies as an immoral influence

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RN7ftyZigYs

d. Describe modern forms of cultural expression; include Louis Armstrong and the origins of jazz, Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance, Irving Berlin, and Tin Pan Alley

Wrote poems describing the struggle of African Americans Louis Armstrong Born in New Orleans-Great Migration – New York Played improvised form of Dixie Ragtime and jazz Influential in the New York jazz scene Langston Hughes Born in MS. Moved to NY Wrote poems describing the struggle of African Americans “I swear to the Lord, I still can’t see, why Democracy means, everybody but me”- Langston Hughes (Poet, playwright)

Langston Hughes - Democracy Democracy will not come Today, this year Nor ever Through compromise and fear I have as much right As the other fellow has To stand On my two feet And own the land I tire so of hearing people say, Let things take their course Tomorrow is another day I do not need my freedom when I’m dead I cannot live on tomorrow’s bread Freedom Is a strong seed Planted In a great need I live here, too. I want freedom Just as you

Harlem Renaissance 1920s-mid 1930s Literary, artistic and intellectual movement that created a new black cultural identity Explored the historical experiences of black America and of black life in the urban North. Rejected the styles of white Americans; celebrated black dignity and creativity.

Tin Pan Alley Tin Pan Alley The name given to NYC songwriters and music publishers during 1920s dated to 1885, when a number of music publishers set up shop in the same district of Manhattan One of the most famous writers was Irving Berlin “God Bless America”, “White Christmas”, and “Alexander’s Ragtime Band”