Chapter 31 Present passive infinitives Ablative case-something for everyone Demonstrative adjectives/pronouns: is this the same old thing?

What’s an infinitive? An infinitive is a verbal mood that is not limited by person and number. An infinitive can have different tenses. What’s a tense? Tense is the time in which an action occurs. An infinitive can have voices. How can a verb have a voice? A verbal voice means whether it is active or passive.

Let’s look at principal parts paro parare paravi paratum 1st habeo habere habui habitum 2nd mitto mittere misi missum 3rd iacio iacere ieci iactum 3IO audio audire audivi auditum 4th The present active infinitive is the second principal part of a verb and is generically translated “to verb”

Present passive infinitive For 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugation verbs, take the second principal part, drop the final –e, and add –i. parare parar parari habere haber haberi audire audir audiri 3rd and 3IO are always a little different! Take the second principal part, drop the –ere and add –i. mittere mitt mitti iacere iac iaci Passive infinitives are generically translated “to be verbed”

Review these ablatives Time when Specific time --- WHEN did an action occur No preposition in Latin Usually translates “at” or “in” before the noun Often appears with an ordinal number Time within which Span of time --- WITHIN what time span did an action occur Usually translates “in” or “within” before the noun Often appears with a cardinal number Means (Instrument) Concrete object that is the tool with which the action is performed Translated “with”, “by”, or “by means of” before the noun Agent Must be a person The person is doing the action with a passive verb Is preceded by the preposition a(b)

Ablative of manner BUT Always inanimate – usually a concept Uses the preposition cum = with BUT If there is an adjective modifying the noun, you may omit cum If you use cum you must place it between the preposition and the noun. Cum laude Magnā cum laude Magnā laude   Cum celeritate magno amore maximo cum terrore

Ablative of Cause I am sad because of longing for my family. Misera sum desiderio familiae. The motive which influences the mind of the person acting Often used with with verbs of emotion Because of your carelessness, the doll was broken. Tuā neglegentiā, pupa fracta est.

Ablative of Price / Value Tells what something is worth – not necessarily monetary Often includes cardinal numbers Does not require a prepsition in Latin Flavia bought a new dress for much money. Flavia stolam novam pecuniā multā ēmit. Marcus sold a horse for 100 denarii. Marcus equum centum denariis vendidit.

THE ABLATIVE ASTRONAUT Sub In De Sine Pro Ab Cum Ex SID SPACE: THE ABLATIVE ASTRONAUT Are prepositions followed by the ablative case

Ablative Place Where As the name suggests, Ablative Place Where is a location Answers the question, “where?” Latin prep. English in in, on sub under, at the foot of

Ablative Place from which Latin English a/ab away from de down from e/ex out of Ablative Place from which Ablative Place from which also deals with location. It answers the questions “from where?” Quid liberi agunt? Quid accidit? Quid vir dicit? Liberi ab villā currunt. Puer de scalis cecidit. Vir inquit, “ex meā arbore”.

Ablative of Accompaniment Answers the question, “with whom” always a person or animal Uses the preposition cum Mater cum sorore dicit. Linus musicam cum cane ludebat. Flaviia et Aurelia cum ancillis ambulant.

Ipse: another demonstrative adjective Singular Masc Fem Neut ipse ipsa ipsum ipsius ipsius ipsius ipsi ipsi ipsi ipsum ipsam ipsum ipso ipsa ipso Translates: “very” or “-self” Plural Masc Fem Neut ipsi ipsae ipsa ipsorum ipsarum ipsorum ipsis ipsis ipsis ipsos ipsas ipsa Notice how many endings follow those of 1st and 2nd declension?

Ispe I did it myself! Ego ipsa id feci! Cornelius was summoned by the emperor himself. Cornelius a principe ipso. arcessebatur.

Idem: -dem same old demonstratives Singular Masc Fem Neut idem eadem idem eiusdem eiusdem eiusdem eidem eidem eidem eundem eandem idem eodem eadem eodem Translates “same” This is the personal pronoun is, ea, id with the suffix –dem added. Plural Masc Fem Neut eidem eaedem eadem eorundem earundem eorundem eisdem eisdem eisdem eosdem easdem eadem eisdem eisdem eisdem -dem doesn’t decline, but notice how many endings (before –dem) follow those of 1st and 2nd declension?

Idem Did Aeneas make the same journey as Odysseus? Aeneas idem iter fecit, ut Odysseus fecit? Aeneas’ journey Odysseus’ journey