BHAGWANT UNIVERSITY AJMER DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRESENTATION ON : TURBINE SUBMITTED BY :- RAJEEV KUMAR MANDAL ROLL NO. :- 11001184098 (B.TECH), 3rd year

INDEX 1.INTRODUCTION 2.TURBINE 3.THEORIES OF OPERATIONS OF TURBINES 4.CLASSIFICATIONS OF TURBINES 5.STEAM TURBINE

1.INTRODUCTION:- The device in which the kinetic ,potential or intermolecular energy held by the fluid is converted in the form of mechanical energy of a rotating member is known as a turbine . Also , defined as all machines in which hydraulic energy is transferred into mechanical energy (in the form of rotating shaft ) ,or in some other moving parts are known as ‘turbines’ or hydraulic motors.

Some historical facts The first „turbine” was made by Hero of Alexandria in the second century. The first steam turbines were constructed in 1883 by Dr Gustaf de Laval and in 1884 by sir Charles Parsons.

2.TURBINE:- .A simple design of a turbine contain as rotor assembly, which is the moving part, having shaft or drums with blades attached to them. The movement of the blades, which is caused by the flow of fluids, creates rotational energy which is imparted to the rotor. Some example of turbine impulse , Reaction etc.

2.Theories of operations of turbines  A flowing or working fluid contains kinetic as well as potential energy and the fluid may be compressible as well as incompressible. The energy of these fluids is trapped by turbines in several ways.  Impulse turbines- The impulse generated by changing the direction of flow of high velocity fluid or gas jet is used to spin the turbine. This leaves the fluid flow with a decreased amount of kinetic energy. The fluid or gases in the turbine blades have no pressure change and the entire pressure drop takes place in the stationery blades. The fluid is accelerated using a nozzle, which changes its pressure head to velocity head. This is done before the fluid reaches to turbine. The transfer of energy in impulse turbines is described by Newton’s second law of motion.

IMPULSE TURBINE BLADE REACTION TURBINE BLADE

Reaction turbines- A torque is developed in these turbines when they react to the gas or the fluid pressure or the mass. When the gas or fluid passes through the turbine rotor blades, the pressures in the system changes. The turbine must be fully immersed in the flowing fluid and the pressure casement is also provided for a working fluid. The primary function of the working fluid is to contain and direct the working fluid. It also maintains the functions imparted by the draft tubes in water turbines. This concept is used in most steam turbines including the Francis turbine. Newton’s third law is used to describe the transfer of energy in reaction turbines. 

4.Contra Rotating Turbine 5.Ceramic Turbine 6.Shrounded Turbine CLASSIFICATIONS OF TURBINES:- 1.Steam turbine 2.Gas turbine 3.Transonic turbine 4.Contra Rotating Turbine 5.Ceramic Turbine 6.Shrounded Turbine 7.Bladeless turbine 8.Wind turbine 9.Water Turbine

Pelton turbine:-A type of impulse water turbine. WIND TURBINE Pelton turbine:-A type of impulse water turbine. Francis turbine:-A type of widely used water turbine. Kaplan turbine:-A variation of the Francis Turbine. Turgo turbine:-A modified form of the Pelton wheel. Cross-flow turbine:- Also known as Banki-Michell turbine, or Ossberger turbine.

STEAM TURBINE:- For generation of electricity in thermal power plants, steam turbines are used Coal fuel oil or nuclear power provides the primary source of energy. In initial times, the steam turbines were used as ship propellers.

Classification of steam turbines A . Inlet steam pressure:- high pressure (p>6.5MPa) B . Intermediate:- pressure(2.5MPa<p<6.5MPa) C . Low-pressure:- (p<2.5MPa)

Advantages of turbines Large power achieved by relatively small size High efficiency Simple design High revolution

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