Formation and Composition of Earth’s Core Beyond the Current Paradigms

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Presentation transcript:

Formation and Composition of Earth’s Core Beyond the Current Paradigms James Badro Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris

A multidisciplinary problem Core composition: a problem with geophysical signature and constraints seismology + experiments → light elements in the core Core formation: a problem with geochemical signature and constraints geochemistry + experiments → deep magma ocean

Light Elements in the Core Francis Birch (1952) Pure iron after Uchida et al. (2001)

Siderophile Elements in the Mantle Ted Ringwood (1966) after McDonough (2003)

Light Elements in the Core Use ab initio molecular dynamics to calculate the density and bulk sound velocity of molten Fe and Fe-light element binaries at CMB and ICB conditions Fe Fe0.92Ni0.08 Fe0.84Ni0.16 Fe0.92C0.08 Fe0.84C0.16 Fe0.92O0.08 Fe0.84O0.16 Fe0.92Si0.08 Fe0.84Si0.16 Fe0.92S0.08 Fe0.84S0.16 CMB 135 GPa – 4300 K ICB 330 GPa – 6300 K Badro et al. (PNAS, 2014)

Mixing Model Combine the binary data using an ideal mixing model r and V for any composition Generate 10 million “samples” mapping Fe-Ni-C-O-Si-S space Calculate r and V at CMB and ICB, for each composition Propagate errors: 1% on V – 0.15% on r / 0.2% on V – 0.5% on r Only keep the ones that satisfy seismology at CMB and ICB

Bulk Core Composition Badro et al. (PNAS, 2014)

Siderophile Elements in the Mantle Ted Ringwood (1966) after McDonough (2003)

“Cook and Look” Experiments 55 GPa 3600 K

Diamond Anvil Cell Experiments P = 35 – 74 GPa T = 3200 – 4800 K 55 GPa 3600 K

Metal-Silicate Equilibrium

Ni and Co Partitioning at High Pressures 45 GPa 65 GPa 35 GPa Log K Siebert et al. (EPSL, 2012)

Vanadium and Chromium Partitioning Siebert et al. (Science, 2013)

Core Formation Models Parameters Composition (redox) Temperature Depth Wood et al. (Nature, 2005)

Core Formation Models Badro et al. (PNAS 2015)

Core Composition Badro et al. (PNAS 2015)

Core Composition Badro et al. (PNAS 2015)

Core Composition Core composition: 2.5–5 % oxygen and 2–3 % silicon Core formation: hot Magma Ocean more oxidized than Mantle Badro et al. (PNAS 2015)