DBQ Skills

AP = ANSWER the prompt!!! Prompt: Using the following documents, analyze the factors in the early modern world (c. 1400-1500) that led to Europe’s rise to global hegemony by c. 1750. ALWAYS read, annotate and paraphrase (at least in your head) the prompt first. Always. Take a second to rewrite it here: _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Use the docs to explain why Europe became so rich and powerful by 1750 and other countries didn’t.

Predict an answer Guns, germs, steel? Trade? Competition? Based on the prompt and the historical background provided, predict an answer to the question before you’ve even starting annotating the documents. Prompt: Using the following documents, analyze the factors in the early modern world (c. 1400-1500) that led to Europe’s rise to global hegemony by c. 1750. Guns, germs, steel? Trade? Competition?

Spanish conqueror Pizarro, primary source - 1532, likely biased (why?) Annotate with purpose Step 1: Annotate source info first on the left. Who created the doc? When? Where? Why? How might those factors influence the content of the document? Step 2: Identify evidence you will use to show doc understanding and support your answer. Document #8 - Francisco Pizarro, Spanish Conqueror of Peru, 1532 The Governor [Pizarro] said to Atahualpa, “Do not take it as an insult that you have been defeated and taken prisoner, for with the Christians who come with me, though so few in number, I have conquered greater kingdoms than yours, and have defeated other more powerful lords than you, imposing upon them the dominion of the Emperor, whose vassal I am, and who is the King of Spain and of the universal world. We come to conquer this land by his command, that all may come to a knowledge of God and of His Holy Catholic Faith; and by reason of our good mission, God, the Creator of heaven and earth and of all things in them, permits this, in order that you may know Him and come out from the bestial and diabolical life that you lead. It is for this reason that we, being so few in number, subjugate that vast host.” Spanish conqueror Pizarro, primary source - 1532, likely biased (why?) - Superior military experience - he already conquered other people…

Intro/Thesis Which intro is better? Why? Which thesis statement meets the SAPE standard? Why? “Prior to 1450, it seemed unlikely that in the following centuries European nations would rise to global economic and political hegemony. Asian powers like the Ming Dynasty and Ottoman Empire seemed poised for continued hegemony but several factors contributed to their declining influence and the rising power of Western European states like England, Portugal, Holland and Spain in the 16th through 18th centuries. Both technological advances (docs 2,3,7) and superior military experience than e and political know-how (docs 1,4,6) were causes of Europe’s rise to hegemony. Though, ultimately, Europe’s geographic advantages (docs 5,8,9,10) played the most significant role in the rise of European nations to global dominance by 1750.” “Up to 1750 there were many European nations that became very powerful There were many important factors that led to European hegemony and not Chinese hegemony. Europe, not China, rose to global domination in the period from 1450-1750 because of geogpraphic (5,8,9,10), technological (2,3,7), and political advantages (1,4,6).”

Thesis preview Which thesis preview is better? Why? “Europe, not China, rose to global domination in the period from 1450-1750 because of environmental, technological, and political advantages.” “The root cause of European success was that Europeans had no other way to participate in the system other than aggressive trade strategies.” Thesis Statements must:

Thesis Sub-claims Which sub-claim is better? Why? “Europeans became powerful because of technology (docs 2,3,7) and politics (1,4,6), and also because they had geography on their side (5,8,9). “Both technological advances (docs 2,3,7) and political advantages (docs 1,4,6) were causes of Europe’s rise to hegemony. Though, ultimately, Europe’s environmental advantages (docs 5,8,9,10) played the most significant role in the rise of European nations to global dominance by 1750.” Sub-claims must:

Evidence and analysis Which piece of evidence and analysis is stronger? Why? “Professor Stanley from Yale argues the fierce competition for land and resources within Europe between nation-states helped the European countries develop their military strength and new technologies at an incredible pace while the conservative nature of many Asian dynasties contributed to their decline(Doc 6). This development was extremely important because it allowed Europe to conquer weaker nations during the era of 1450-1750, particularly parts of Africa and Asia that hadn’t developed the same military technologies and strategies.” “According to a professor from Yale claims that European nations competed with each other and that made them more powerful (Doc 6). This shows that Europeans wanted to best each other which led them to hegemony.”

Pov analysis Which POV ANALYSES is better? Why? “As a professor, Stanley’s perspective is certainly valuable and is likely shaped by years of deep research. However, he may also lack the perspective of a conservative Asian leader from the 18th century who likely opposed adopting western military techniques due to a resistance to western influence. “As a scholar, Stanley’s perspective is insightful because he is a professor at a top university.”

Additional document recs Which of these Additional Document Recommendations is better? Why? “An additional document that would add insight to this topic would be a letter written by an Ottoman general explaining their traditional strategies and technologies because it would show how and why the Ottomans maintained their own techniques rather than adopting European methods.” “An additional document from the perspective of an Ottoman would benefit our analysis because it would show the other side of the story.”