By: Grace Hall, Laney Monroe, Emma Wingert, Madison Stonbraker Green Space By: Grace Hall, Laney Monroe, Emma Wingert, Madison Stonbraker

Transforming Cloe Lake The following are ideas to make Cloe Lake and the surrounding areas more efficient for the environment and a better place for the public to relax and enjoy.

Addition of Trees We would add Hemlock, American Beech, and Ash trees to the Cloe Lake environment. These are trees that are becoming rare due to diseases and insects, therefore this act will help to repopulate these species of trees. This will also benefit the water quality because the Hemlock provides shade, which keeps the water temperature steady and trees as a whole filter the water that goes into the stream and lake. When the trees cause the water temperature to stay cooler, this also increased the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, therefore making the water quality better for aquatic life. When visiting Cloe Lake we collected data that stated that the stream’s temperature was about 15 degrees Celsius and the dissolved oxygen level was about 5ppm. With the addition of trees, it would reduce the temperature by providing shade, which will allow for a higher dissolved oxygen level. Because the addition of trees would improve water quality, a greater number of Macroinvertebrates would be able to survive in the stream, therefore possibly raising the stream quality from fair to good The trees will also substitute for a pavilion, which would decrease costs and still provide shade for picnic tables and benches.

Add trees to this area in order to cover picnic tables and benches that will be added. Addition of Trees * Nothing in this area due to this being the water runoff area and catfish spawning grounds.

The areas, enclosed in red, will be lined with trees in order to make a natural fence that will benefit the environment, while separating the area from the main road.

Trail Expansion Because there are already run-down trails around the backside of the lake, you could redo the paths with limestone and place markers every quarter mile that state how far you have gone and how far you have left to go. We would construct the paths with limestone because this material is handicap approved, therefore making the area friendlier for a wider variety of people. The mileage and historical facts would be included throughout the trail in order to interest more people in using the trails, as well as making the experience easier and more fun. Lastly, because of how few well-put together trails are available in Punxsutawney, this feature would attract numerous citizens who wouldn’t otherwise visit.

Limestone walking/running path Enlarged version of bottom picture for reference Bridge Limestone walking/running path

Playground We would make the addition of a playground area because it would make the lake a more family recreational area. This addition will also allow more parents to enjoy the lake and fish and they would have a place to keep their children entertained as well.

We would place the playground here because it is near the water so parents can keep an eye on their children, but it is still out of the way of the road, the parking lot, and cars.

Sand Volleyball Court We would make the addition of a sand volleyball court because it would attract a wider variety of people, as well as making the area more recreational. We would place wood boards around the boarder of the court in order to keep the sand from washing into the water along with the run off from the watershed, which would make the water have a higher turbidity level. When we went to Cloe Lake, the turbidity was 5 JTU and we wouldn't want this number to be any higher.

to plant along the side of the road (refer to slide 5). We would place the sand volleyball here because it is an area where fishing is not possible because of vegetation and it would be unaffected by the road because of the trees that we are planning to plant along the side of the road (refer to slide 5).

No Smoking Signs These signs would be placed throughout the area in order to prevent air pollution and to make the lake more family oriented. This would also keep the used cigarettes out of the lake and watershed.

Materials Needed Trees Hemlock, American Beech, and Ash tree saplings. Trail Expansions Limestone Wood stakes Plaques with mileage and facts Playground Fence for around the playground area Wood chips Playground equipment Sand Volleyball Court Sand Wood boards for the outer perimeter of the court Volleyball net No Smoking Signs Certified no smoking signs

Effects on Flora and Fauna Trees Fauna- improved water quality, which makes for better drinking water for animals; some of the trees are affected by certain types of insects, so these would appear in the area Flora- addition of trees would add vegetation and spawn new trees to higher populate the area with plants Trail Expansion Fauna- the water quality will be improved because of the limestone paths because all of the excess runoff from rain water will be taken out by reactions that occur when the water touches the limestone Flora- because the limestone path would improve the water quality, it would benefit the plants that absorb water from the lake Playground Fauna- the fauna wouldn’t be affected by this addition because the actual equipment would not harm them and the wood chips surrounding the area would not affect them; there will be a fence around the playground, which will keep animals out of this area Flora- the playground will not harm the plants or prevent their growth

Effects on Flora and Fauna (continued) Sand Volleyball Court Fauna- the volleyball court will not harm the fauna because it will be closed off with wood boards and an ecofriendly tarp Flora- the sand from the court will not harm the flora of the area because even when it rains, because the sand will be unable to get out of the court No Smoking Signs Fauna- this addition will help the fauna of the area because it will give them better, more oxygenated air to breath, along with getting rid of the used cigarettes that litter the ground Flora- this gives plants better living conditions because it will give them less polluted air

Why is it important to maintain healthy watersheds? It is important to maintain healthy water sheds for numerous reasons. For example, the watershed affects the flora and fauna surrounding the lake because this is the water that they use to survive. Also, some of the water that is absorbed into the ground goes to people’s wells, therefore providing them with clean, safe water. Lastly, it is important to take care of our watersheds, especially in western PA, because healthy, well kept watersheds are becoming very rare.

Resources Map pictures of Cloe Lake: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cloe+Lake+Boat+Ramp/@40.9493982,- 78.912066,865m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x0:0xd8c6595926e1cc4c!2sCloe+Lake +Boat+Ramp!8m2!3d40.9497545!4d- 78.9056017!3m4!1s0x0:0xd8c6595926e1cc4c!8m2!3d40.9497545!4d-78.9056017!6m1!1e1 Info about the limestone path: http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem1/L26/3.html

Picnic tables/ benches PLAYGROUND NOTHING IN THIS AREA (runoff) Bridge