Density and Temperature Chemistry --- Ms. Hughes

Density and Specific Gravity

VIII.) DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY A.) DENSITY is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by that substance.   Density = mass of substance OR d= m Vol. of substance V

“Sinking Soda Surprise” Which can is more dense?

Mass and Volume of the Soda Cans Can Type Mass Volume Dasani Sparkling Water 12 oz= 355 mL Coca-Cola Diet Coke Mountain Dew Sprite Dr. Pepper

Calculate the Density of the Cans Mass Volume Density Sink/Float Dasani 355 mL Coke Diet Coke Mtn. Dew Sprite Dr. Pepper

Calculate the Density of the Cans Mass Volume Density Sink/Float Dasani 355 mL Coke Diet Coke Mtn. Dew Sprite Dr. Pepper

1.) Density is expressed in different units depending on the phase of the substance. a.) Solids are usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)

b.) Liquids are commonly grams per milliliter (g/mL)

c.) Gases are usually expressed as grams per liter (g/L)

2.) Density can be used as a conversion factor that relates mass and volume. 3.) Densities can be used to calculate mass if volume is given or calculate volume given mass.

WORKED EXAMPLE 1-5 If 10.4 mL of a liquid has a mass of 9.142 g, what is its density? Solution. d= m d = 9.142 g = 0.879 g/mL V 10.4 mL

WORKED EXAMPLE 1-6 The density of a saline solution is 1.05 g/mL. Calculate the mass of a 377.0 mL sample.   Solution. d= m m = 377.0 mL x 1.05 g = 396 g V 1.00 mL

PRACTICE 1-8 The density of rubbing alcohol is 0.786 g/mL. What volume of rubbing alcohol would you use if you needed 32.0 g? D = m 0.786 g/mL = 32.0 g V V V= 32.0 g 0.786 g/ml V= 40.7 mL

B.) SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the ratio of the density of liquid to the density of water at 4oC, which is 1.00 g/mL. Since specific gravity is a ratio of two densities, the units cancel.    Specific gravity = density of sample (g/mL) Density of water (g/mL)

WORKED EXAMPLE 1-7 What is the specific gravity of jet fuel if the density is 0.775 g/mL?   Solution. Specific gravity= 0.775 g/mL = 0.775 1.00 g/mL

PRACTICE 1-9 A 50.0 mL sample of blood has a mass of 53.2 g. a.) Calculate the density of the blood. d= m = 53.2g = 1.06 g/mL V 50.0 mL b.)Calculate the specific gravity of the blood. density of blood = 1.06 g/mL = 1.06 density of water 1.00 g/mL

TEMPERATURE

IX.) TEMPERATURE SCALES

PRACTICE 1-10 Complete the following table. Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin 88oF   -55oC 469 K

PRACTICE 1-10 Complete the following table. Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin 88oF 31oC  304 K  -67oF -55oC 218 K   384.8oF 196oC  469 K