The Scholarly Journal Article Writing in CSD
Title Should be brief, informative, and descriptive of the subject matter. Should contain keywords/variables.
Abstract Short summary of the entire article: purpose, method, results, and conclusions. For non-emperical articles/books, the abstract should contain the major ideas. Abstract should be 100-200 words.
HEADINGS In the social sciences, functional headings (Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion) are used. IMRaD
Introduction Establishes the subject of the article Identifies the problem or question Reviews previous research on the topic States the purpose of the present study The introduction answers the question: "Why are we conducting this study?"
Method The method section answers the question: "How did we conduct the study?" In the social sciences, the method is usually comprised of 2 subsections: Participants and Procedure Describes IN DETAIL how the project or study was carried out **The test of a well-written methodology: the reader could replicate the study based on the descriptions provided in the method section.
Results The results section answers the question: "What did we find?" Describes what was found or observed (data) Uses graphics (tables and figures) in addition to text to fully explain the data Does not interpret the data; simply reports it
Two common PITFALLS when writing the results section: 1. Writers rely too heavily on graphics; text is inadequate 2. Writers interpret the results
Guidelines for using graphics: All graphics should serve a purpose All graphics should be referenced by number and discussed in the text Tables generally present numerical data Figures include anything that is not a table: (drawings, graphs, charts, photos) Any graphic taken out of context should make sense on its own
Discussion/Conclusion This section answers the question: "Why is this study important, what do the findings mean, how can they be used?" Interprets the results (data) Points out the significance of the results (applications, for example) Notes the limitations of the study Compares the "present study" to other studies Points to future needed research on the topic