Accessory Organs of the Digestive System

Teeth Know: 4 types & functions Humans have 32 (most have their 4 wisdom teeth removed)

Salivary Glands 3 pairs Parotid glands Submandibular Sublingual Secrete saliva (mix of mucus and serous fluid) into mouth Moistens food into a mass  bolus Contains salivary amylase  begins to break down starches Has lysozymes and antibodies that kill bacteria

Mumps Inflammation of the parotid salivary gland Swelling, tenderness Incidence has decreased since MMR vaccines

Pancreas Makes enzymes that break down all food types (carbs, proteins, fats) Enzymes secreted in duodenum in alkaline fluid Produces hormones: insulin and glucagon that go into the blood

Liver Largest gland Digestive function – produces bile (goes to duodenum via bile duct) When bile is not needed stored in gallbladder

Liver Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver - Often due to viral infection spread in contaminated water, needles, or blood-blood contact  Cirrhosis – chronic inflammation of the liver; becomes hard and fibrous often caused by drinking too much alcohol also caused by hepatitis

Gallbladder Sac on inferior surface of liver that stores bile (inc. concentration) Gallstones – too much water removed from bile & cholesterol crystallizes Jaundiced – bile pigments back up and skin/eyes become yellow