ASHRAE’s 62.2 Residential Ventilation Standard Proposed Changes Mike Moore, P.E. Newport Ventures

What We’ll Cover What is ASHRAE 62.2? How does 62.2 currently address filtration? Recent IAQ research and filtration implications ASHRAE 62.2 proposed changes related to filtration

~300-400k dwelling units annually ASHRAE 62.2 Charge: ventilation and acceptable IAQ Scope: non-transient dwelling units Adoption State or Program Required? Annual Dwelling Units California Yes 50-80k Georgia Optional 30-50k Maine 3-5k Massachusetts 7-10k Oregon 10-15k Vermont ~1k ENERGY STAR 80-100k DOE Weatherization 100-150k ~300-400k dwelling units annually Total: ~300-400k dwelling units per year

ASHRAE 62.2: Current Requirements Clean Filter Pressure Drop Objective: Ensure that ducted system airflow is not inhibited System sizing: Ducted space conditioning systems sized to accommodate AHRI 680’s rated clean filter pressure drop Label filter locations with: Design airflow Max pressure drop

ASHRAE 62.2: Current Requirements Filtration Objective: Avoid fouling of heat exchanger and potential biological growth Minimum filtration: ASHRAE 52.2: MERV 6, or AHRI 680: Particle Size Efficiency of 50% in the 3-10 μm range Trigger conditions: Supply ducts > 10 ft, Air passes “through a thermal conditioning component”

Residential IAQ Research PM2.5 = most significant indoor air pollutant, up to 10x the negative health impacts of the 2nd and 3rd most significant indoor air pollutants Indoor PM2.5 accounts for ~0.01 disability adjusted life years (“DALYs”) per person Value of a DALY: $50k-$200k Annual monetization of negative health effects of PM2.5 in U.S. residences: $500 - $2000/person Sources: Logue JM, Price PN, Sherman MH, & Singer BC. 2012. A Method to Estimate the Chronic Health Impact of Air Pollutants in U.S. Residences. Environmental Health Perspectives 120(2): 216-222. Turner WJN, Logue JM, and Wray CP. 2012. Commissioning Residential Ventilation Systems: A Combined Assessment of Energy and Air Quality Potential Values. LBNL-5969E. Brown DW. 2008. Economic value of disability-adjusted life years lost to violence: estimates for WHO Member States. Rev. Panam Salud Publica, 24, 203-209. Lvovsky K, Huges G, Maddison D, Ostro B, and Pearce D. 2000. Environmental costs of fossil fuels: a rapid assessment method with application to six cities. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank Environment Department. Highfill T and Bernstein E. 2014. Using Disability Adjusted Life Years to Value the Treatment of Thirty Chronic Conditions in the U.S. from 1987-2010. U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis WP 2014-9.

ASHRAE 62.2-2016 Addendum K: Filtration for PM2.5 Mitigation Concept: Improve IAQ by encouraging reduction of indoor PM2.5 concentration using better filtration Objective: Achieve a time-averaged, recirculated “clean air delivery rate” of 1.5 times the ventilation rate Incentive: receive a 20% credit off the ventilation rate Status: Second public review completed.

Q: What Volume of Clean Air is Needed? K A: It depends on the filter and the 62.2 design outdoor air flow rate Qfr = time-averaged flow rate of filtered, recirculated air ffr = “filtration factor”; determined by AHRI 680 or ASHRAE 52.2, or other approved method Qtot = total combined infiltration/ventilation outdoor air flow rate required by 62.2 Qfr: period is not to exceed 1 day; if period exceeds 12 hours, at least 10% of Qfr must be provided in each 12 hour period (Section 4.1.4.3)

K What’s a Filter Worth? ffr = “filtration factor” ASHRAE 52.2 ffr = “filtration factor” Higher PM2.5 filtering capacity = lower filtration factor AHRI 680 PM2.5 “efficiency designation”

Additional Requirements K Distribution of filtered air: supplied to or returned from every room in the habitable space Max time-averaged period is one day Minimum run time every 12 hours Readily accessible filters Label on filter housing access door: filter designation required to achieve credit Minimum filter efficiency: MERV 11, Particle Size Efficiency of 65% from 1.0 to 3 μm, or PM2.5 efficiency of 35%

K Example 2500 ft2 dwelling unit, 3 bedrooms: = 105 cfm Specify a MERV 13 filter: ffr = 2.1 = 105 cfm Time-averaged flow rate of filtered, recirculated air required: = 2.1*105 = 221 cfm

K Example, continued Credit against outdoor air rate: = 0.2*105 = 21 cfm

= ? So What? Establishes a new precedent in 62.2 Primacy of pollutants Trading off ventilation and filtration = ? Houses are being built increasingly tighter to save energy. How do we maintain or improve IAQ while minimizing energy use? (especially attractive in hot-humid climates)

So What? Emphasizes a filter’s PM2.5 efficiency Requires designation transparency MERV, AHRI 680 particle size efficiency, or approved alternative PM2.5 particle size efficiency Aligns with CEC’s proposed filter labeling requirement

So What? Labels help “lock-in” future sales autoevolution.com

Next Steps 62.2 Committee: resolve public comments Filter manufacturers Test and provide product performance data (MERV or particle size efficiency) Label filters Support labeling of HVAC equipment for filters Educate stakeholders: how improved filters can help reduce the 62.2-required ventilation rate Develop on-line tools to calculate rates (Qtot; Qfr; Qfiltration,credit; Qfan; etc.)

Mike Moore 303.408.7015 mmoore@newportventures.net Thank You Mike Moore 303.408.7015 mmoore@newportventures.net