Puzzling Pedigrees

Pair-Share Answer the following questions with your elbow partner: What physical traits did you inherit and from whom? What traits can be inherited? Do a pair-share, have students write in the answers on their graphic organizer Cold call on individuals in the class to answer the questions out loud.

Pedigree Definition – diagram of family relationships that use symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships. (genotypes & phenotypes) Example : Sentence – Write a sentence using the word pedigree on your graphic organizer. Use explicit vocabulary protocol to teach the word: The word is Pedigree, what’s the word everyone? A Pedigree is a diagram of family relationships that use symbols to represent people and liens to represent genetic relationships. What is the definition everyone? What’s the word everyone? This is an example of a pedigree. The circles represent females, and the squares represent males. A horizontal line between a male and female symbolize marriage, and a vertical line represents offspring. Write the definition for pedigree in your graphic organizer Use the word pedigree in a sentence and write it on your graphic organizer.

Genotype Definition – a genotype is the genetic make up of a cell, or the alleles Example – AA (homozygous dominant) Aa (heterozygous) aa (homozygous recessive) Non-Example – Freckles Sentence Use explicit vocabulary protocol to teach the word: The word is Genotype, what’s the word everyone? A Genotype is the genetic make up of a cell, or the alleles What is the definition everyone? What’s the word everyone? These are example genotypes. Write the definition for genotype in your graphic organizer Use the word genotype in a sentence and write it on your graphic organizer.

Phenotype Definition – is an organisms observable traits, or physical characteristics. Example – Blue eyes, Freckles, Brown Hair Non-Example – Aa, AA, aa Sentence Use explicit vocabulary protocol to teach the word: The word is Phenotype, what’s the word everyone? A Phenotype is an organisms observable traits, or physical characteristics. What is the definition everyone? What’s the word everyone? These are example phenotypes. Blue Eye, Freckles, etc. Write the definition for phenotype in your graphic organizer Use the word phenotype in a sentence and write it on your graphic organizer.

Pedigree’s Read pages 396-397 out of your textbook. Answer the following questions with your elbow partner. What are pedigree charts? What are the symbols and what do they mean? In the sample pedigree pictured on page 397, what are the genotypes of both parents on the left in the second generation? How do you know? Give students time to answer the questions and fill out their graphic organizer with a partner. Cold call on students once sufficient time has been given to answer questions to share the answer with the class.

Autosomal Dominant (AD) Males & females are equally likely to have the trait Traits DO NOT skip generation Males can transmit to both sons and daughters The trait is present whenever the corresponding gene is present Words highlighted in red need to be added to the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer.

Huntington’s Disease Parent 1 = Huntington’s Disease Parent 2 = Normal Hh (Huntington’s) hh Parent 1 = Normal Parent 2 = Normal h hh Explain why Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant trait. Parent 1 = Huntington’s Disease Parent 2 = Huntington’s Disease H h Hh (Huntington’s)

Partner Talk Partner 1, tell Partner 2 some of the characteristics of an Autosomal Dominant disorder.

Autosomal Recessive (AR) Males & females are equally likely to have the trait Trait often skips generations Only homozygous individuals have the trait Parents who have children with the trait must be heterozygous If a parent has the trait, their offspring who do not have it are heterozygous carriers for the trait Words highlighted in red need to be added to the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer.

Parent 1 = Cystic Fibrosis Parent 1 = Carrier Parent 2 = Normal F f FF Ff (Carrier) Parent 1 = Carrier Parent 2 = Carrier F f FF Ff (Carrier) ff (Cystic Fibrosis) Explain why Cystic Fibrosis is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder Parent 1 = Cystic Fibrosis Parent 2 = Carrier f F Ff (Carrier) ff (Cystic Fibrosis)

Partner Talk Partner 2, tell Partner 1 what some characteristics of Autosomal Recessive disorders are.

X-linked Dominant (XD) Trait is coded for on the X chromosome All sons of a male who has the trait will also have the trait A father can not pass the trait on to their daughter A female who has the trait may or may not pass the gene for that trait to her son or daughter

Coffin-Lowry Syndrome Mom = Carrier Dad = Normal X0 X X0X (CL Syndrome) XX Y X0Y (CL Syndrome) XY Mom = Normal Dad = Normal X XX Y XY Causes severe mental problems sometimes associated with abnormalities of growth, cardiac abnormalities, as well as auditory and visual abnormalities.

Partner Talk Partner 1, tell Partner 2 explain some of the characteristics of an X-link Dominant disorder.

X-linked Recessive (XR) Trait is coded for on the X chromosome Trait more common in males than females If a male has the trait, all of his daughters will be heterozygous carriers Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of having the trait Males can not pass the trait to their sons A male inherits the trait from his mother who is a carrier Daughters of female carriers have a 50% chance of being a carrier Words highlighted in red need to be added to the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mom=Carrier Dad = Normal X0 X X0X (Carrier) XX Y X0Y (DMD) XY Mom = Normal Dad = Normal X XX Y XY Causes severe mental problems sometimes associated with abnormalities of growth, cardiac abnormalities, as well as auditory and visual abnormalities.

Partner Talk Partner 2, tell Partner 1 some characteristics of an X-link Recessive disorder.

Look at question’s 9-16 on your graphic organizer. With a partner, determine whether the pedigree is an example of a AR, AD, XR, or XD. Write the answers in on your graphic organizer. Once partners have had a chance to work through them, cold call on students and ask them what type of pedigree it is and why.

Alkaptonuria Pedigree Does alkaptonuria appear to be caused by a dominant or recessive allele? What are the genotypes of the following individuals? George Carla Tom Arlene Michael Recessive Aa aa Ask students to do a partner talk about how they know this is a recessive trait? Might be helpful to do a punnet square for George and Arlene on the board.

Huntington’s Disease Pedigree Work through question 18 with your elbow partner. Be prepared to share your answers with the class.

Candice = Huntington’s Answers Bob = Aa Barb = aa Charlie = Aa Ethan = aa Candice = Aa Isabelle = aa Choral Response: Ask the class if this is caused by a dominant or recessive allele. Cold call on students for each of the Genotypes. Choral Response: What is the chance of Candice’s children having Huntington’s disease? Candice = Huntington’s Parker = Normal A a Aa aa 50% Chance

Hemophilia Pedigree Answer the questions for question 19 individually. Be prepared to share out to the class.

Answers Edward VII = XY Alice = XhX Queen Victoria = XhX Leopold = XhY Beatrice = XhX Henry of Prussia = XY Choral Response – Ask the Genotypes of each individual. Have the entire class respond simultaneously for each. Choral Response – Ask what the chance of Leopold having a daughter with Hemophilia if he marries a non-carrier female? Entire class responds with 0% Leopold = Hemophilia Wife = Non-Carrier Xh Y X XhX XY 0% Chance of Hemophilia 100% Chance of being a carrier

The Grouch Family Working with a partner, read through the case study of the Grouch family. Answer 20 a and 20 b with your partner.

Grouch Family Pedigree Grouch Family Pedigree. Have students check to see if their pedigree is accurate. If not, make necessary changes on their graphic organizer.

“The Blue People of Troublesome Creek” Background Information Hemoglobin is the iron- containing oxygen- transport protein in red blood cells. Methemoglobin is a form of a hemoglobin that can’t bind oxygen. When excess methemoglobin is present, the blood becomes abnormally dark and can cause some skin discoloration. Students fill in the skeletal notes in their graphic organizer. Highlighted words are those that should go in the blanks.

“The Blue People of Troublesome Creek” Read paragraphs 1-20. Stop and write a short summary. Read paragraphs 21-40. Stop and write a short summary. Read paragraphs 41-58. Stop and write a short summary. Once all students are finished, have students turn to their elbow partner and summarize the story. Cold call on a student to do a brief summary after students have had time to summarize with partners.

“The Blue People of Troublesome Creek” Answer the following questions about your reading with your partner on your graphic organizer: What is the name of the disorder described in the article? Describe the group of people effected by this disorder. Is the disorder autosomal or x-linked? Is the disorder recessive or dominant? Where did this population reside? Describe the symptoms of the disorder? How was this disorder inherited? Why was the disorder isolated to this population? Give students time to answer questions as partners Cold call a student for each question after they’ve had time to answer with partners.

Homework: Create your Family Pedigree Draw a pedigree chart of your family including yourself, your parents and siblings, your parents. Identify and color the symbols accordingly for one of the following traits: Right or left handed Freckles Free/attached earlobes Widows peak Tongue roller/non-roller