STRWYTHUR A SWYDDOGAETH Y CROEN structure and functions of the skin

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Presentation transcript:

STRWYTHUR A SWYDDOGAETH Y CROEN structure and functions of the skin

Haenau’r Croen Layers of the skin Y croen ydy’r organ mwyaf yn y corff. Mae’r gorchudd hwn ar ei deneuaf ar y gwefusau a chloriau’r llygaid ac yn fwyaf trwchus ar gledr y llaw ac ar wadnau’r traed. Mae’n cynnwys cannoedd o haenau sydd wedi eu cywasgu i dri haen. Yr epidermis, y croen allanol sy’n rhoi gorchudd sy’n dal dŵr ac yn creu ansawdd y croen. Y dermis, mae’r haen hwn yn gorwedd o dan yr epidermis ac yn cynnwys meinwe gysylltiol, ffoliglau blew a chwarennau chwys. Haen isgroen (hypodermis) wedi ei wneud o fraster a meinwe gysylltiol Mae lliw y croen yn cael ei greu gan gelloedd o’r enw melanocyte, mae’r celloedd hyn yn creu y pigment melanin ac wedi eu lleoli yn yr epidermis The skin is the largest organ of the body. This elastic, protective covering is thinnest on the lips and eyelids and thickest on the palms and soles. Its made up of hundreds of layers that are compacted into three layers. The epidermis, this is the outermost layer of skin which provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, this layer is beneath the epidermis and contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles and sweat glands. Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue The skins colour is created by cells called melanocytes, these cells produce the pigment melanin and are located in the epidermis

Cross Section of the Skin

Traws Doriad o’r Croen llestr capilari gwaed follicle gwallt terfynau nerfau mandwll chwys siafft gwallt haen tethennol o dermis chwarren sebwm haen reticular o dermis cyhyr arrector pili haen isgroenol ffibr nerf chwarren chwys papilla croen bwlb gwallt dolen capilari ffibr nerf meinwe bloneg

Swyddogaethau’r Croen Functions of the skin S - sensation H - heat regulation A - absorption P - protection E - excretion S – secretion Vitamin D production Teimlad Rheoli gwres Amsugno Gwarchod Ysgarthu Secretu Creu fitamin D

Swyddogaethau’r Croen Functions of the skin Teimlad – mae pum math o derfyn nerf o fewn y croen i helpu nodi poen, gwres, oerfel a phwysau ysgafn Rheoli gwres – Mae’r croen yn helpu rheoli gwres y corff drwy chwysu i oeri y corff pan mae’n gordwymo a chrynu pan mae’n oer. Poeth: Mae’r chwarennau chwys yn y corff yn rhyddhau mwy o chwys pan mae hi’n boeth, sy’n anweddu. Mae’r pibellau gwaed sy’n arwain at y capilarïau yn lledaenu gan adael mwy o waed i lifo drwy’r croen ac i fwy o’r gwres gael ei golli. Oer : Mae ein cyhyrau yn cywasgu yn gyflym pan rydym yn oer sy’n achosi i ni grynu. Mae’r pibellau gwaed sy’n arwain at y capilarïau yn crebachu gan adael llai o waed drwy’r croen gan gadw gwres yn y corff. Mae crynu yn cau y mandyllau ac mae’r cyhyrau arrector pili sydd ynghlwm wrth y blew yn cywasgu gan wneud i’r blew sefyll i fyny (croen gŵydd) a chadw haen o awyr gynnes wrth y croen, sy’n gymorth rhag colli gwres. Sensation – there are five types of nerve ending within the skin to help identify pain, touch, heat, cold and light pressure Heat regulation – The skin helps regulate the body's temperature by sweating to cool the body when it overheats and shivering when its cold. Hot: The sweat glands in the body release more sweat when hot which evaporates. This removes heat energy from the skin. Blood vessels leading to capillaries become wider (dilate) allowing more blood to flow through the skin and more heat to be lost. Cold : Our muscles contract rapidly when we are cold which causes us to shiver. Blood vessels leading to capillaries become narrower (constrict) letting less blood through the skin and conserving heat in the body. Shivering closes the pores, and the arrector pili muscle attached to the hair contracts causing the hair to stand on end (goose bumps) to trap a layer of warm air next to the skin, which helps to prevent against heat loss.

Swyddogaethau parhad Functions continued… Protection – The skin is the first barrier we have against outside aggressions. The skin contains a pigment called melanin that protects us from UV light. When we are exposed to UV light more melanin is produced and this is what gives us a suntan. We also have an acidic layer (acid mantle) on the surface of the skin which protects us against bacterial infections. Sebum (oil) is produced by the sebaceous gland and this waterproofs our skin Absorption – some creams, essential oils and medications can be absorbed through the skin via the hair follicles. Ultra violet rays are also absorbed which aid in the production of vitamin D which is essential for the production of healthy bones and eyes. Gwarchod – Y croen ydy ein hamddiffynfa cyntaf ni yn erbyn ymosodiadau o’r tu allan. Mae’r croen yn cynnwys pigment o’r enw melanin sy’n gwarchod y croen rhag golau uwchfioled. Pan fydd golau uwchfioled arnom mae’r croen yn cynhyrchu mwy o felanin a hwn sy’n rhoi lliw haul i ni. Mae gennym hefyd haen asidig (mantell asidig) ar wyneb y croen sy’n ein gwarchod rhag heintiau bacterol. Cynhyrchir sebwm (olew) gan y chwarennau sebwm ac mae hyn yn gwarchod y croen rhag dŵr. Amsugno – gall eli, olew a meddyginiaethau gael ei amsugno drwy’r croen drwy’r ffoliglau blew. Mae pelydrau uwchfioled hefyd yn cael eu hamsugno sy’n gymorth i gynhyrchu fitamin D sy’n hanfodol ar gyfer creu esgyrn a llygaid iach..

Ffwythiannau parhad Functions continued… Secretiad – Mae sebwm a chwys yn cael eu secretu ar wyneb y croen. Mae’r sebwm (olew) yn cadw’r croen wedi ei iro ac yn feddal. Mae croen yn cyfuno gyda sebwm i ffurfio’r fantell asid. Ysgarthiad – mae gwastraff a thocsinau fel dŵr a halen yn cael eu gwaredu o’r corff drwy’r chwarennau chwys Secretion – Sebum and sweat are secreted onto the skins surface. The sebum (oil) keeps the skin lubricated and soft. Sweat combines with the sebum to form the acid mantle. Excretion – waste products and toxins such as water and salt are removed from the body via the sweat glands

Cross section of the epidermis Task In pairs you will be assigned one layer of the epidermis. Identify the Latin name for your layer and complete the function of the layer you are given. Feedback answers to the rest of the group.

Trawsdoriad o’r Epidermis Tasg haen horny Mewn parau fe gewch un haen o’r epidermis Nodwch yr enw Lladin ar eich haen a nodwch swyddogaeth yr haen a roddwyd i chi. Rhowch adborth i weddill y grŵp. haen clir haen gronynnog haen gell prickle haen celloedd gwaelodol

Cylchrhediad Circulation Mae gwaed yn symud o gwmpas y corff drwy’r system gylchredol Cyfansoddiad y gwaed = 55% plasma 45% celloedd gwaed Hylif melyn tryloyw o ddŵr ac ychydig o brotin ydy Plasma. Mae 3 math o gelloedd gwaed: Coch – sy’n symud ocsigen i gelloedd a thynnu carbon deiocsid i ffwrdd Gwyn – yn gwarchod y corff yn erbyn bacteria gan helpu ffurfio’r system imiwnedd Platennau – yn chwarae rhan bwysig wrth geulo’r gwaed. Mae gwaed ocsigenedig a maeth yn cael eu cario i ffwrdd oddi wrth y galon drwy’r rhydwelïau. Mae gwaed deocsigenedig yn cael ei gario yn ôl i’r galon drwy’r gwythiennau Rhydwelïau = I ffwrdd Gwythiennau = I mewn Blood is transported around the body via the circulatory system Composition of blood = 55% plasma 45% blood cells Plasma is a yellow, transparent fluid made up of mostly water with a small amount of protein present. There are 3 types of blood cells: Red – transport oxygen to cells take away carbon dioxide White – protect body against invading bacteria help form immune system Platelets – play important role in blood clotting Oxygenated blood and nutrients are carried away from the heart via the arteries Deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via the veins Arteries = Away Vein = In

Cylchrediad y Llaw a’r Fraich Circulation of the hand and arm gwythïen seffalig rhydweli brachial gwythïen basilic gwythïen cubital canolrif Rhydweli wlnar rhydweli rheiddiol bwa palmar dwfn

Celloedd Gwaed yn y Llaw a’r Fraich Blood vessels in the hand and arm Brachial artery rhydweili breichiol Cephalic vein gwythïen seffalig Basilic vein gwythïen basilig Radial artery Rhydweili rheiddiol Ulna vein gwythïen wlna Median cubital vein Gwythïen cwbital canolwedd Median vein gwythïen canolwedd Ulna artery rhydweili wlna Metacarpal artery rhydweili metacarpol Digital artery rhydweili digidol