Floods: An EU Directive to coordinate and reduce risks

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Presentation transcript:

Floods: An EU Directive to coordinate and reduce risks Wouter Vanneuville Flooding in Europe: new risks and strategies to build resilience Public Forum Event at the UNWCDRR Saturday 14 March 2015, Sendai (Japan)

The 2002 floods in central Europe Worked as a trigger to complement the EU water legislation with a directive on floods Focus is on large, international events Historic power station in Prague, flooded during 2002 Vltava flood Flooded Elbe in Dresden August 2002 Flooding in Budapest

Water Framework Directive (2000)* Is mainly about water quality and « good ecological status » Some quantity related aspects included, e.g. hydromorphological changes Floods are not at the core, neither is climate change To come to integrated water management, a floods directive (and communication on water scarcity and droughts were needed) * Directive 2000/60/EC of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policyDirective

Floods Directive (2007) Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks Coordination is needed, with the WFD

Floods as environment directive?

Coordination beyond the Environment Directives Civil protection is explicitly mentioned, to improve preparedness and resilience The EU Solidarity Fund is mentioned as an instrument to provide financial assistance (only during an emergency, not during preparation)

Consequences of flooding The EU Floods directive gives equal importance to Human Health (social) Environment (environment) Cultural Heritage (social) Economic Activity (economy) Underlining that floods are natural but human activities can cause adverse impacts

Reduce adverse impacts On the scale of river catchments (river basin districts) 1 flood risk management plan per RBD

International coordination needed 40 out of 11 RBDs in Europe are international Over 60% of territory International coordination of RBMPs

Not only rivers All types of flooding have to be assessed under the EU floods directive In practice mainly rivers, coastal, pluvial (overland flow), and groundwater A structured guidance for the reporting is necessary to get an EU overview, based on source, mechanism and characteristics of flooding

Source, mechanism and characteristics of flooding Fluvial Natural exceedance Flash Flood Pluvial Defence exceedance Snow Melt Flood Groundwater Defence or infrastructural failure Other rapid onset Sea Water Blockage / Restriction Medium onset flood Artificial water-bearing infrastructure Other Slow onset flood No data available Debris flow High velocity flow Deep flood

Different stages in the Directive From an evaluation over detailed mapping to a planning (including programme of measures) Evaluation: Inventory of past floods Modelling potential future floods Where, (when), but also consequences

Past flood data – the GOOD and the BAD Detailed insight in European past flood consequences is hard to get Best Available Data (BAD) have to come from Member States or (re-) insurance companies Globally only open-access data (GOOD) are not complete, have a reporting bias, contain errors

EU past floods database as intermediate product Less details than national inventories (only those events significant at European scale) Based on Member States reporting for the FD, combined with information from global databases

Evaluate to prioritize Based on past floods andavailable modelling Selection of areas of potential significant flood risk areas (APSFR) Detailed mapping of the APSFR 3 scenarios (different probabilities of flooding) Physical characteristics and impacts

Structuring the impact for the reporting Human Health Environment Cultural Heritage Economic Impact Water body status Cultural assets Property Community Protected areas Landscape Infrastructure Other Pollution sources Rural land use Economic activity

Towards a flood risk management plan To be available by 22 December 2015 (and reported 22 March 2016) Coordinated with the WFD River Basin Management Plan Coordinated content and consultation process In some areas is a complete integration of both planning instruments

Prevention, protection and preparedness Different communities use different terminology!

In the Floods Directive Prevention Preventing damage cause by floods: By avoiding constructions in present and future flood-prone areas By adapting existing receptors By promoting appropriate land-use Protection Both structural and non-structural measures to reduce the likelihood of floods in a specific location Preparedness Informing the population about flood risk and what to do in an event of flooding, including early warning systems and emergency response Recovery and Review / Lessons learned Returning to normal conditions asap and mitigating the different impacts

Measures No Action Preparedness Flood forecasting and warning Prevention Avoidance Emergency event response planning / contingency planning Removal or relocation Public awareness and preparedness Reduction Other preparedness Other prevention Recovery and review (planning for these phases) Individual and societal recovery Protection Natural flood management / runoff and catchment management Environmental recovery Water flow regulation Other recovery and review Channel, coastal and floodplain works Other Surface water management Other protection

We don’t know it all (now) Long-term planning is a useful instrument But … progressive insights in climate change, socio-economic and demographic developments …

Revision Whole cycle from evaluation to planning and prioritizing measures is done every 6 years

Public participation Making Available (inform) Consult Preliminary flood risk assessment and areas of potential significant flood risk Flood hazard and risk maps Flood risk management plans No obligation to do more, although good examples (e.g. on local scale when implementing measures exist)

Public participation

participation / network Cooperation is a necessity to fulfill the Floods Directive requirements to include: spatial planning, land use, environmental objectives, nature conservation, navigation … and to be compatible with infrastructural requirements …

International cooperation In the interest of solidarity no measures with significant negative up- or downstream effect shall be taken unless coordinated and with an agreed solution in between member states

Conclusions Almost at the end of 1st cycle of the Floods Directive (by end of 2015), success but improvements for 2nd cycle possible Structured reporting allows a better EU overview of past events, impacts, measures etc. Bridging many communities (environment, spatial planning, DRR, …): “glossaries” are needed Unknown issues remain, but revision cycle allows action “now” Stakeholder involvement often limited to information providing, consultation of plans is not co-creation