Surface Water Hydrology

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CE 374K Hydrology Lecture 5: Precipitation

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Presentation transcript:

Surface Water Hydrology Learning Objectives To be able to quantify watershed attributes (7.1) To be able to describe the role of atmospheric and ocean circulation in hydrology and the formation of precipitation (7.1) To be able to quantify the variability of precipitation, calculate area average precipitation and determine design storm amounts (7.2) To be able to calculate evaporation from an open water surface (7.3)

Watershed delineated on a topographic map

Water Budget in a Watershed From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

Streamstats http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/utah.html

Normal monthly distribution of precipitation in the US in inches From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

From Dingman, 1994

General Circulation of the Atmosphere From Simon Wang

Coriolis Effect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro&feature=related

Formation of Precipitation Source of moisture Lifting mechanism (frontal, orographic, convective) Phase change from vapor to water - Energy Small nuclei or dust for droplet formation Droplets must grow as they fall to earth From Bedient

Lifting Mechanisms From Bedient

Ralph, F. M. , P. J. Neiman, G. A. Wick, S. I. Gutman, M. D Ralph, F. M., P. J. Neiman, G. A. Wick, S. I. Gutman, M. D. Dettinger, D. R. Cayan, and A. B. White (2006), Flooding on California's Russian River: Role of atmospheric rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13801, doi:10.1029/2006GL026689.

Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf - 8/29/2005 From Bedient Katrina 08-28-2005 at 17:00 UTC

Measuring Rainfall - Tipping Bucket Recording gage Collector and Funnel Bucket and Recorder Accurate to .01 ft Telemetry- computer From Bedient

Shielded and Unshielded weighing Precip (Rain and Snow Gages Snow Pillow

RADAR Rainfall Estimates NEXRAD provides real-time data on a ~16 km2 (6 mi2) grid Each estimate represents an average rainfall amount over the entire 4 x 4 km2 area NEXRAD rainfall estimates compare well with point rain gage measurements (r2 ~ 0.9) From Bedient

http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/

Normal monthly distribution of precipitation in the US in inches From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

Rainfall Averaging Methods From Bedient Rainfall Averaging Methods