Chinese Urbanism in Global Context PLAN A6526 Columbia University Prof. Weiping Wu Bifurcated urban population & space

Presentations Urbanization and policy Built environment Mega international events Air pollution Built environment Regional planning and urbanization Compact city planning Green roof Western influence on urban China Ghost cities Public space Property tax TOD Impact of highway construction Infrastructure and housing Green industry development Comparative analysis of affordable housing Urban development and redevelopment PPP for affordable housing Role of “Urban Villages” Urban water and sewerage Redevelopment of “Urban Villages” Cross-border transport Urban slums Enclave urbanism

Reconfiguration of urban space No longer the egalitarian, low-profile, and walking-scale socialist city Linkage between work and residence has all but disappeared End of cellular-type of housing built around work units Unprecedented residential mobility Rising role of real estate development Cessation of work-unit compounds Less pedestrian and bicycle oriented

Neighborhoods – differentiation traditional neighborhoods in old-city area developed before 1949 enclaves of high-end residential development in redeveloped central areas work-unit compounds built between 1949- 1978 with high level of social mixture within mixed-use suburban areas or satellite towns, developed from the late 1970s onward urban villages formed during reform era

Increasing spatial differentiation Concentration of migrants Augmented by social networks that sustain migration flows Return of pre-socialist divisions Migrants dominate poorer neighborhoods in less desirable locations Satellite or “daughter” communities of migrants ‘Urban villages’

Gating exclusionary? Historical roots Collectivism-oriented culture deeply embedded in society – neighborhood (jiefang) and courtyard houses Common work-unit affiliation: housing, work, and social/political/civil functions Enclosed neighborhood (xiaoqu) Differ from gated communities in US

Remaking of economic space Creation of new industrial parks in urban periphery Building of new central business districts Multiplying clusters of commercial and entertainment activities So-called “consumer revolution” Polycentric and highly differentiated

Shanghai’s new economic space ETDZ Economic and Technology Development Zone CBD Central Business District http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2012_Pudong.jpg

Migrant settlement Distribution of migrant residence shifted markedly since 1980s Initially migrants concentrated in central city Downtown redevelopment made housing in central city less affordable Largest number of migrants concentrate in inner suburbs since 1990s Why not forming squatter settlements as in other developing countries?

Spatial distribution Between 2000 and 2010, many neighborhoods became dominated by migrants, especially outside central city

Sojourners in the city Positioning migrants in urban society Labor is desired but presence unwanted Limited access to urban benefits Most migrants trapped in two housing types in spite of high mobility rates Renting private housing Living in dorm or workshed. Few rural migrants make transition from renters to owners after years in city