The influence of high-heeled shoes on strain and tension force of the anterior talofibular ligament and plantar fascia during balanced standing and walking  Yu Jia , Wong Duo Wai-Chi , Zhang Hongtao , Luo Zong-Ping , Zhang Ming   Medical Engineering and Physics  Volume 38, Issue 10, Pages 1152-1156 (October 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.07.009 Copyright © 2016 IPEM Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Finite element model of a female foot and a high-heeled shoe: (a) demonstration of the ATL and plantar fascia in the foot model; (b) demonstration of the foot model embedded in the encapsulated soft tissue aligned with the 2-in. (5.08cm) high-heeled shoe during mid-stance; (c) display of the whole high-heeled shoe model, including the heel, support and upper, with the bony and ligamentous structures of the foot. Medical Engineering and Physics 2016 38, 1152-1156DOI: (10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.07.009) Copyright © 2016 IPEM Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (a) Boundary and loading condition during stance; (b) demonstration of validation experiment of the same participant on a 2-in. (5.08cm) heel support. Medical Engineering and Physics 2016 38, 1152-1156DOI: (10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.07.009) Copyright © 2016 IPEM Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Tension force and strain of the ATL and the plantar fascia (PL) during balanced standing with 0–3-in. (0–7.62cm) heel height supports: (a) tension force; (b) strain. Medical Engineering and Physics 2016 38, 1152-1156DOI: (10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.07.009) Copyright © 2016 IPEM Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Tension force and strain of the ATL and the plantar fascia (PL) during 2-in. (5.08cm) high-heeled walking: (a) tension force; (b) strain. Medical Engineering and Physics 2016 38, 1152-1156DOI: (10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.07.009) Copyright © 2016 IPEM Terms and Conditions