After the Crusades Mrs. Kirkpatrick 8

Renaissance Crusades Rise of feudalism Decline of feudalism Shift in Thinking Hundred Years War Italian City States Black Death Rise of Towns Crusades Rise of Church Rise of Towns Franks & Charlemagne Black Death Barbarian Invasions Hundred Years War Fall of Rome Italian City States Rise of feudalism Shift in Thinking Decline of feudalism

Effects of the Crusades Opened the door for … New ideas Trade, new trade routes Growth of towns Increased geographic knowledge Gold standard/increased use of money Rise of nationalism

Other Benefits of the Crusades Education universities Philosophy Thomas Aquinas Literature Chaucer, Dante Medicine hygiene, surgery

Trade & Finance ⃗ breakdown of feudal system New Trade Routes Europe ⃡ italy italy ⃡ Mediterranean Italy ⃡ North Africa population shift ⃗ towns Guilds controlled crafts, trade Made up of artisans - apprentice ⃗ journeyman - journeyman ⃗ master › need for cash Jews ⃗ Moneylending ⃗ breakdown of feudal system

Life changes as the feudal order breaks down…

Growth of Towns Thrived along trade routes Different currencies banks New African, Asian trade Different currencies banks Lord granted charter Town self-governs Pays tax to Lord Guilds governed Middle Class created

Magna Carta 1215: Great Charter Disagreements between barons, king John, and pope Limited power of English monarchs Guaranteed some individual rights First step toward constitutional law “No free man shall be arrested, or imprisoned, or deprived of his property…unless by legal judgment of his peers…”

Plague

The Black Death 1347 outbreak Fleas → rats → humans ?? Buboes = boil-like sores Religion questioned Killed ¼ + of Europe’s pop. Reduced labor force - peasant revolts Survivors got more food, goods Italian city-states emerged

Hundred Years War Long Bow Infantry (standing army) Fought between France and England over land & rights to the throne Long Bow Infantry (standing army) Knights became obsolete Rise of nationalism (patriotism for country)

Shift in Thinking Up with education! Support the arts! Science: Good thinking! Shift in Thinking Up with education! Reason & faith – perfect together. Support the arts!

Renaissance begins Feudalism declines Crusades Shift in thinking Hundred Years War Italian City-States Plague Crusades Growth of towns Growth of towns Plague Italian City-States Hundred Years War Shift in thinking Feudalism declines

Ghengis Khan Reign: 1206 - 1227 United Mongols by defeating all rivals Conquered most of Asia Gifted organizer, strategist Adopted new weapons Cruelty, terror as weapon

Mongol Empire Largest unified land empire in history Much of land conquered was laid waste - populations wiped out - land, irrigation ruined

Pax Mongolia Mid 1200’s – Mid 1300’s Safe passage guaranteed along Silk Roads Trade between Europe, Asia flourished Exchange of ideas, inventions as well as goods

Khanates 1260: Empire divided into 4 Khanates: Great Khan, Chagatai, Ilkhanate, Golden Horde Mongols adopted aspects of cultures they ruled (cultural assimilation) Contributed to eventual collapse of empire

Agriculture Better farming methods Horse -drawn plow - New harness 3 – field system - 1 winter, 1 summer, 1 fallow - caused population growth