Treaty of Tordesillas

Voyages of Discovery

Key Early Events 1000 Viking explorations 1488 Dias rounded South Africa 1492 Columbus believes he has reached Asia Lands in Bahamas (“Indies”) Would be governor, admiral, and viceroy of all lands claimed for Spain Died 1506 after 4 voyages 1493 Line of Demarcation Pope Alexander VI settled for Sp and Port 100 leagues (300 miles) from Cape Verde Islands 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas moves the line west Moved line to 370 (1100 miles) leagues west of Cape Verde Islands 1498 da Gama reached India 1501-1502 Amerigo Vespucci records his trip to Brazil Pietro Cabral had “discovered” east coast of Brazil on a previous failed voyage to India 1513 de Leon in Florida 1522 Magellan’s circumnavigation

Effects of Interaction: Native Americans (high estimates as much as 90%) - forced labor in towns (Hacienda in rural) Grants of land and natives in exchange owner had to care for people Slavery instituted Africans imported after using indigenous people fails Missionary System - forced conversion to Catholicism Indians viewed as heathens Spanish goal to Christianize New World

Changing of Guard Spain’s internal political and religious stability allowed it to expand overseas Looked for quick profits Gold supply increased 500% External problems caused European confrontation British (supported by Elizabeth I) attacked Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake Protestant Reformation (see Split of Ch. Slide) 1588 sent to Great Britain (religious reasons) Defeat allowed British and Dutch to expand their exploration Spain’s navy was no longer strong enough to completely block other countries expansion

Split of Christianity Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Christianity Methodist Lutheran (1517) Mormon Anglican Baptist Episcopal Blue = Protestant faiths

Early British Settlement John Cabot Under Henry VII but political disunity under Henry VIII disrupted until Elizabeth I stabilized Sir Walter Raleigh Disappeared by the time resupply ships arrived in 1590 London Company (joint-stock co.) Few workers, and too little emphasis on agriculture led to 50% death during first winter Too much emphasis on gold and too many gentlemen John Smith’s leadership and Native help saved colony Tobacco as a cash crop saved the colony John Rolfe (Pocohontas) Labor intensive crop Indentured servants 1619 first African slaves 1600-1640 about 80,000 people settled Charter revoked by James I in 1624

France 1500s European wars, religious issues caused it to fail to follow early explorers until 1600s