CELL THEORY ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocumen http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg t

CELL THEORY 1. All living things are ________________________. MADE OF CELLS 2. Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. (cell = basic unit of _____________) STRUCTURE FUNCTION life 3. Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells existing Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm

Lynn Margulis Endosymbiotic Theory 1970- American Biologist _____________________ Provided evidence for the idea that ancestors of ____________ + _____________ were at one time free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by other cells and stayed to live symbiotically inside = _________________________ Lynn Margulis Mitochondria chloroplasts Endosymbiotic Theory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY See a movie about ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Endosymbiosis_theory.gif

Bacterial plasma membrane Vesicle

Bacterial DNA Bacterial ribosomes

Remember host cell is a eukaryote Remember host cell is a eukaryote. Add a nucleus and host DNA How is this different from bacterial DNA? Host Nucleus HOST DNA

Add some eukaryotic host ribosomes Add some eukaryotic host ribosomes. How are these different from bacterial ribosomes? Host RIBOSOMES

Evolved to become mitochondrion

Bacterial cell membrane (CRISTAE) Evolved to become mitochondrion Vesicle OUTER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE

WHAT’s the EVIDENCE? Look at the colors in your picture. Which parts of mitochondria/chloroplasts have a prokaryotic bacterial origin? Which have a eukaryotic host origin? Make a list of the evidence for the ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY? Find these in your picture!

LYNN MARGULIS MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLASTS CELL THEORY ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Proposed by ______________________ Ancient prokaryotes were taken in by eukaryotic cells and stayed to live inside them in a symbiotic relationship; eventually lead to mitochondria and chloroplast organelles Explains origins of _________________ and ____________________ EVIDENCE: MITOCHONDRIA/CHLOROPLASTS 1. are only cell parts with __________________ and ____________ 2. have ____________________like bacteria 3. have _________________ in their inner membranes like bacteria 4. divide using ___________________ like bacteria 5. have a SINGLE, CIRCULAR loop of DNA like bacteria LYNN MARGULIS MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLASTS DOUBLE MEMBRANES OWN DNA RIBOSOMES PHOSPHOLIPIDS BINARY FISSION

All living things made of cells BUT… organisms can be very different. Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR http://www.angelbabygifts.com/ http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

CELL SIZE http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter

How big is a micron ( µm ) ? 1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg 1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS. They have different kinds of cells doing different jobs Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg

Cells in a multi-cellular organism become SPECIALIZED by turning different genes on and off Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION

SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLS Muscle cells Red blood cells http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg Cheek cells http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html

Specialized Plant cells Guard cells Xylem cells Pollen Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpg Xylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.jpg Pollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg

How Do Cell Compare? _________> _________> _________ Plant cells Animal cells _________> _________> _________ Bacterial cells http://slideplayer.com/slide/3524544/12/images/16/Bacterial+cell+Animal+cell+Plant+cell.jpg

All living things are made of _______ CELL THEORY All living things are made of _______ 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism. (= basic unit of ______) 3. New cells are produced from _____________cells. CELLS life existing Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm

________ __________  ___________ ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES ________ __________  ___________ ATOMS IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

____________  ____________  CELLS TISSUES ____________  ____________  Similar cells working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

___________  __________ ___________ ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANS ORGANISM ___________  __________ ___________ Different tissues working together Different organs working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS Students will be able to: explain the process of specialization 9-12.L.1.3.A (ADVANCED) describe the relationships between the levels of organization in multi-cellular organisms (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism) (PROFICIENT) explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and differentiation 9-12.L.1.3.A (Tissue formation, development of new cells from original stem cells (ADVANCED)

NATURE OF SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the nature and origin of scientific knowledge. 9-12.N.1.1. Students are able to evaluate a scientific discovery to determine and describe how societal, cultural, and personal beliefs influence scientific investigations and interpretations. Recognize scientific knowledge is not merely a set of static facts but is dynamic and affords the best current explanations.

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.3A. Students are able to explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and differentiation. Examples: Tissue formation Development of new cells from original stem cells

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: Describe the relationship between structure and function (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms);

IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm Paint image by Riedell Paint image by Riedell http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

http://bioweb. wku. edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html

http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif

http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/ http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/ http://bestanimations.com http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm