ENTERPRISE SKILLS SURVEY IN FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR IN THE GOVERNORATE OF MENOUFIA Key conlusions

1. Company Information Medium and big agrofood companies in Mounefia governorate Long established companies (50% +10 years) Private, Industrialised, export oriented

2. Workforce and skills I Almost 40% does not have an HRD unit ( 40% does not have job descriptions) Almost all full-time contracts, industrailsed companies with little use of seasonal employees (only 33% of companies) Very limited sue of part time contracts (no women!) Despite not favouurable conditions share of female employment (25,7%)higher than national average Average age of employees is very low in line with a ntional standards 43% less than 30yo 80% less than 40yo

2. Workforce and skills II Qualifications of employees MRM to check Industrialised nature of companies confirmed by high number of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers dedicated to the productions lines Clear correlation between occupation and level of occupation All managers have a degree Most technicians have an intermediate vocational diplmoa and none of them has a degree Only exception is clerks occupation where employees have avariety of educational diplomas incuding degrees (vertical mismatch)

2. Workforce and skills III Biggest gaps identified by companies are practical skills – secondly personal attributes Biggest concernes refer to the highest occupations (managers, supervisors, specialists) with less complaints for production line workers

3. Recruitment I Biggest resource for recruitment are personal networks (own employees, other employees, other employers, personal social networks) When used (less than 28% companies) internet services are highly appreciated Public employments services are little used (only 38% and not fully apprecited) The trend of last two years is to hire higher occupations (managers in particular). This trend is confirmed by vacancies planed in the next two years.

3. Recruitment II What are the five most difficult occupations to fill What are the 5 most important factors in the decision of hiring new employees: + Previous working experience (much more than theoretical knowledge about technical and vocational topics) + Inidividual characteristics: age, gender, good-looking, hygiene -+ basic foundation skills, effective literacy, nueracy, ICT, foreign languages - theoretical knowledge about technical and vocational topics - relevance of diploma What are the five most difficult occupations to fill + technicians (20 – 3,75) + skilled workers (17 – 3,5) + Specialists (15 – 3,7) + Supervisors (13 - 4) - elementary occupations (2 – 1,5) – craft/trade (6 – 3,6) – managers (3 – 4,6)

3. Recruitment III What are 5 most important reasons these positions are difficult to be filled + Lack of required skills (18 - 4) Lack of practical experience (17 – 4,3) - Low social image of the job (7 - 3) Not attractive working conditions (6 – 3,1) What are the five most important reasons for not being satisfied with new employees + Ltd vocational technical skills (14 - 4) + Inappropriate work attitudes (13 – 3,2) + Lack of discipline (12 -3,8) - ltd teamwork and collaboration (5 – 3,4) - ltd communication (6 – 3,6) - ltd practical experience (8 – 4,25)

4. Workforce development I Training for staff More than 50% does not provide CVT and almost 24% does not provide any training Training provider Mostly internal resources (14 ) or private providers (8) Almost no one uses universities (1) TVTE schools (1) or Chambers of Commerce (1) What is the field of training Long list but the first two are HACCP (Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points, food safety management system) and GMP (Good Manifacturing Practices)

5. Business strategy and structure I 67% foresees an upgrading of the production line in the coming two years Five main challenges your company face + Increased cost of production (20 – 4,55) + high cost of labour (14 - 4,2) + shortage of skilled workforce (13 – 4,1) - meeting international standards (4 – 2,75) - decrease external demand for products (4 – 3,25) – access to finance and capital (4 – 3,25)

5. Business strategy and structure II Five main opportunities your company face + Higher quality products (14 – 4,5) + decreased cost of production (13 - 4) + High internal demands for products (13 – 3,5) - improvement in top management (1 – 5) – improvements in administration/burocracy (2 – 3,5) – increased income level / consumption of population (3 – 2,6)

5. TVET contacts I 38% of companies offer training internships opportunities Which skills set are provided by technical education + person al attributes (66% partially or fully agrees) + theoretical technical vocational skills (76%) - practical technical vocational skills (61%) – soft employability skills (58%) Importance of technical characteristics in selecting students of technical education Long list with similar scores but the higher (4,2) is understanding importance of food hygiene, cleaning and sanitation practices Would you be willing to offer practical training for TVET schools and/or students? If yes, do you agree on a call in future to set an appointment and discuss in more detail the cooperation with technical and vocational schools? YES 71%

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