3.2 Organs and Systems (Page 93) An organ is a combination of several types of tissue working together to perform a specific function. With respect to the human body, a system is a group of tissues and organs that perform specific functions. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Medical Imaging Technologies (Page 94) Medical imaging technologies are techniques used to form an image of a body’s internal cells, tissues, and organs. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Endoscopy (Page 95) Endoscopy involves inserting a flexible tube containing a tiny camera and light into a patient’s body. Compare the two images of an ulcer shown below. The image the left was obtained using a barium X ray. The image on the right was obtained using an endoscope. The X ray exposes the patient to radiation. The endoscope does not. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

CELLS TISSUES ORGANS SYSTEMS The Body’s Organization With respect to complexity, the human body is organized from: CELLS TISSUES ORGANS SYSTEMS Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Your body has 11 organ systems that keep you alive and healthy. Human Organ Systems (Page 96) Your body has 11 organ systems that keep you alive and healthy. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Respiratory System (Page 103) Gas exchange in the body takes place in the respiratory system. Air is inhaled, and oxygen is extracted and absorbed by the blood. Carbon dioxide leaves the blood and is exhaled. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange (Page 104) Gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory systems occurs in the alveoli. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that allows oxygen to attach to molecules. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange Click the “Start” button to review gas exchange at an alveolus. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange Click the “Start” button to review the conditions that make gas exchange possible. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Respiratory System: Disease (Page 105) The most common cause of respiratory disease is cigarette smoking. The chemicals and foreign particles present in cigarette smoke damage the lung’s ability to exchange gases. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Comparing Circulatory and Respiratory Systems (Page 105) Frogs have a 3-chambered heart where humans have a 4-chambered heart. Fish have a completely different system altogether. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Digestive System (Pages 97-99) The digestive system breaks down food both mechanically and chemically in order to release nutrient molecules that the body’s cells can absorb and use. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Digestive System (Pages 97-99) Click the “Start” button to review the organs of the digestive system. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Digestive System: Gastric Secretions Click the “Start” button to review how the digestive system secretes gastric juices. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Digestive System: Transfer of Nutrients (Page 98) The villi within the small intestine are where nutrients are absorbed into the blood. They help increase the surface area to increase absorption. Accessory organs – food does not pass through, produce and/or secrete gastric juices that aid in the process of digestion (liver, gall bladder & pancreas) Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Excretory System (Page 99) The excretory system processes and eliminates liquid wastes from the body. The excretory system interacts with the digestive and circulatory systems. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Circulatory System (Page 100) The circulatory system absorbs and transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and carries wastes to the organs responsible for eliminating them from the body. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Circulatory System: The Heart (Page 100) The heart is the organ that pumps the blood throughout the body. The four chambers of the heart are the left and right atriums and the left and right ventricles. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Circulatory System: The Heart Click the “Start” button to review the operation of the heart. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Circulatory System: Arteries and Veins (Page 102) Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart to all body parts. Veins carry blood from body parts back TO the heart. Capillaries are extremely small, thin-walled blood vessels that connect organs, tissues, and cells to the circulatory system. Flow of blood Thick muscle wall Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Circulatory System: Disease (Page 102) The most common causes of circulatory system disease are hypertension (high blood pressure) and arteriosclerosis (a thickening of the walls of the arteries). Each can cause blood clots to form. A heart attack occurs when a blood clot breaks free and blocks a blood vessel (artery) in the heart. A stroke occurs when a blood clot breaks free and blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Healthy (left) versus clogged (right) arteries. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

The Circulatory System: Angioplasty (Page 103) An angioplasty is a medical procedure designed to open up a clogged blood vessel. The procedure involves inserting a small balloon into the blood vessel and inflating it. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Skeletal Muscles and Motion (Page 106) The interaction between the human skeleton and the muscles attached to it allows us to move parts of our bodies. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Concepts to be reviewed: Section 3.2 Review (Page 107) Concepts to be reviewed: the use of medical imaging 11 human organ systems interact to perform essential tasks the components of the digestive system and their functions the function of the excretory system the components of the circulatory system and their functions the components of the respiratory system and their functions Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.