Sampling Techniques

Sampling techniques – what do we mean by this?

Sampling techniques It is necessary to recruit participants The way in which they are selected is known as sampling The aim is to have a representative sample (representative of the target population) to ensure the results can be generalised to explain the behaviour of the target population as a whole Target population -The population being investigated E.g. Asking teachers at a school about their views on food Investigating stress in an office building? So what is wider population?

Group work – feedback to the class 10 minutes Group one Random sampling What is Random sampling? Make up an example. Strengths and weaknesses of random sampling? Group two Stratified sampling What is stratified sampling? Make up an example Strengths and weaknesses of stratified sampling? Group three – Volunteer and opportunity sampling What are these methods of sampling? Make up an example What is the difference between volunteer and opportunity sampling? Strengths and weaknesses of volunteer? Strengths and weaknesses of opportunity?

Present your answers to the class Complete the worksheet during explanations

Sampling Quiz! Which sort of sample should contain members from each characteristic in a proportion representative of the target population? Which sampling technique did Milgram use? Provide one weakness of using opportunity sampling. A target population is 42% and 58% female. If the sample is also 42% male and 58% female, which sort of sampling technique is being used? Which sampling technique is biased as participants are likely to have a reason for wanting to take part in the study? This is an example of which technique? Each participant is given a number and then participants are selected using a chance number generator? Provide an advantage of using opportunity sampling Explain the difference between volunteer and opportunity sampling.

Ethical considerations Risk management Bps principles and guidelines

What do you think risk management is when conducting studies in psychology?

I.e. what comes first, what would the researcher do next and so on.... Using the boxes in front of you list the process of risk management in the correct order. I.e. what comes first, what would the researcher do next and so on.... Process of risk management

Risk Management There can be risk to participants, researcher and animals if they are sued in a study. There can also be risks to the environment or society. Risk therefore must be managed by looking at the highest risk first, working down to the lowest level of threat. It is about looking at the probability of a threat happening against the consequences.

Situations where there is likely to be risk in research (according to BPS)? 2 minutes to discuss in pairs. Vulnerable participants (under 18, vulnerable) Sensitive topics Deception Accessing records Harm – pain or distress Types of experiences – i.e. hypnosis, invasive technique or strenuous exercise Labelling Biological samples – taking blood

Ethical considerations – BPS ethical code is based around 4 principles Ethical considerations – BPS ethical code is based around 4 principles. Match the definitions below. Respect Competence Responsibility Integrity Psychologists value the continuing development and maintenance of high standards in the professional work, and the importance of preserving their ability to function optimally within the recognised limits of their knowledge and training. Standard of hones and accuracy. Psychologists value honesty accuracy, clarity and fairness in their interactipons with all persons. Psychologists value the dignity and worth of all persons, with sensitivity to the dynamics of perceived authority over clients, and with particularly regard to people's rights including those of privacy Process of risk management and determination Psychologists understand and value that they area accountable to clients, general public and to the profession, including the avidance of harm and the prevention of misuse of their contributions to society

Protection of participants Which guidelines relate to each principle? Each guideline can be used more than once. Principle Guidelines Respect Competence Responsibility Integrity Guidelines: Informed consent Debrief Deception Protection of participants Confidentiality Right to withdraw