Antebellum American Culture

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Presentation transcript:

Antebellum American Culture

Causes of reform in Antebellum America: 1830-1860 The Second Great Awakening Jacksonian Democracy American Culture- Art, Literature, Transcendentalism

The Hudson River School American Art was unique for its portrayal of the frontier and wilderness Famous painters of the Hudson River School include Thomas Cole and Frederic Church

James Fennimore Cooper The 1st Great American Novelist Wrote stories of adventure involving Native Americans and the wilderness Last of the Mohicans, The Deerslayer (Natty Bumppo stories) Themes: the need for order in control on the frontier and in the wilderness, celebration of American spirit and adventure

Walt Whitman 1st Great Poet in American History Wrote about liberation of the individual and celebrating democracy Most famous work- Leaves of Grass

The Debbie downers- Herman Melville and Edgar Allen Poe Herman Melville wrote Moby Dick in 1851- a story about courage, vengeance, and obsession Edgar Allen Poe wrote The Raven (1845) and other macabre works that stressed intellect and exploring deeper emotions

Transcendentalism A philosophy and major theme of literature Stressed instincts and emotions Being in touch with Nature Transcending the limits of understanding America’s 1st Hippies?

Famous Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson- popular write and lecturer, wrote Self Reliance and Nature. Explained the importance of nature to finding faith and the meaning of life Henry David Thoreau- Walden (spent 2 years alone) and Civil Disobedience Preached non violent resistance to unjust laws

Utopias Brook Farm- founded (1841) by George Ripley In Massachusetts All members shared equally in the work and leisure Fire and self motivation destroys the community Nathaniel Hawthorne was a bitter resident- Blithedale Romance New Harmony- founded (1825) by Robert Owen “village of cooperation” also failed

Oneida community Utopian experiment founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 (upstate New York) Complex Marriage and an attempt to reach perfection Read the article Now!

Shakers Protestant denomination founded by Mother Ann Lee in 1770’s Got name from ecstatic religious ritual dance to shake away sin Redefined gender roles- women had power in the church Believed in complete celibacy and had to grow by conversion

The Mormons Founded by Joseph Smith- Book of Mormon published in 1830 Joseph Smith took his followers to Illinois where he was murdered Brigham Young took over and brought Mormons to Utah

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