Vocabulary 10th WOrld History

Basics Primary source Secondary source Physical geography Human/Cultural geography Analyze

Primary source Original records from a source

Primary source Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Primary sources The historian read the primary source, an eyewitness account of the battle, to better understand the war. Question to Ponder: Would a picture from Friday night’s Meet the Pirates be considered a “primary source?”

Secondary source Events that happen on during a specific period of time

Secondary source Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Secondary sources The student read the historian’s secondary source over the European explorers. Question to Ponder: Would a person interested in a summary of an event want to read a “secondary source?”

Physical Geography Characteristics of the natural world

Physical geography Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: N/A Anthropologists use their knowledge of the physical geography to better understand a culture. Question to Ponder: Would I be studying “physical geography” if I analyzed the population movements of tribes?

Human/cultural geography The world, its people, communities, and cultures

Human/cultural geography Forms: Example: N/A Human geography is another name for cultural geography. Question to Ponder: Could I better understand an African tribe if I studied their “cultural geography?”

Analyze Carefully studying something

analyze Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Analyzes Analyzing Analyzed Analyzer The scientist analyzed the blood sample for any abnormalities. Question to Ponder: Would I have successfully “analyzed” a puzzle if I could not identify the big picture?

Categorization Political Economic Social Religious Evaluate

Political Pertaining to the government

Political Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Politics Politician The political world in the U.S. is focused on the presidential election. Question to Ponder: Would student representatives be considered part of a “political” organization?

Economic Pertaining to money

Economic Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Economy Economies The economy is doing better than it was in 2008. Question to Ponder: Would opening a successful business help someone’s economic standing?

Social Pertaining to society

Social Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Society Societies As a diverse country, we have many different social traditions. Question to Ponder: Would holidays be considered part of someone’s “social” culture?

Religious Pertaining to religion

Religious Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Religion Countries in the east share similar religious beliefs. Question to Ponder: Can a person’s “religious” beliefs determine a person’s clothing?

Evaluate Carefully judging something’s worth

Evaluate Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Evaluates Evaluating Evaluated Evaluation The student’s work was evaluated by the teacher. Question to Ponder: Would a person need to “evaluate” the situation in order to determine how to act accordingly?

Beginning Civilizations Revolution Technology Specialization Social Class

Civilization Community of people with a level of culture, science, industry, and government

Civilization Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Civilizational Civilizations Civil Civilized We live in an advanced civilization. Question to Ponder: If a community does not have a formed political system, can it be considered a “civilization?”

Revolution Sudden or extreme change in the way people live, work, etc.

Revolution Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Revolutionary Revolutionaries Revolutionized Revolutionizing The American Revolution changed the way former English colonists viewed themselves. Question to Ponder: Would changing from a pen and paper school system to a completely digital school system be considered “revolutionary?”

Technology Machine, equipment, or method invented to solve problems

Technology Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Technological Technologies Technologist Our civilization develops new technologies at an astounding pace. Question to Ponder: Would the earliest hunter-gatherers view the invention of fire as a “technological” advance?

Specialization Made or used for one particular purpose or job

Specialization Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Specialized Specializing Specialize Specializes Most college degrees allow for students to specialize in a particular field. Question to Ponder: Would participating in an assembly line illustrate “specialization?”

Social Class Status or rank held in a society

Social Class Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Social classes In some cultures, individuals can change their social class. Question to Ponder: Would someone changing their social status from “single” to “married” on Facebook be a part of someone’s “social class?”

River Civilizations I Cultural Diffusion Polytheism Ancient B.C.E.

Cultural diffusion The spread of ideas and beliefs across cultures

Cultural diffusion Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: N/A The cultural diffusion of foreign words into the American English language makes it unique to other languages around the world. Question to Ponder: Would the assimilation of Mexican and Italian dishes into the American cuisine of hamburgers and hot dogs be an example of “cultural diffusion?”

polytheism Belief in many gods/goddesses

polytheism Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Polytheist Polytheists Polytheistic The ancient Egyptians were polytheists. Question to Ponder: If a person practiced the Jewish religion, would he/she be considered a “polytheist?”

Ancient Oldest recorded history of B.C.E.

ancient Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Ancients The Mesopotamians are considered an ancient civilization. Question to Ponder: Would the year 2000 be considered “ancient?”

B.C.E. Time period meaning ‘Before Common Era’

B.C.E. Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: N/A The Roman Republic began around 500 B.C.E. and ended around 500 C.E. Question to Ponder: Would gladiators fighting during the late Roman Empire in 20 belong to the “B.C.E.” time period?

C.E. Time period meaning ‘Common Era’

C.E. Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: N/A My niece was born on October 7, 2006 C.E. Question to Ponder: Would a person born in the year 1 A.D. also be born in the year 1 “C.E.?”

River Civilizations II Trade Irrigation Migration Isolation Feudalism

Trade Purchasing or selling things

Trade Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Trades Trader Trading Traded I traded my phone for a pencil in Mrs. Fisher’s class. Question to Ponder: Would I “trade” something if I borrowed it without asking?

Irrigation Systematic relocation of water to help in crop production

irrigation Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Irrigate Irrigates Irrigated Irrigating Early river civilizations used irrigation in order to create effective farms. Question to Ponder: Would I be using “irrigation” if I watered my lawn using buckets of water?

migration To move from one place to another

migration Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Migrate Migrates Migrated Migrating Early humans migrated across the continents before the Neolithic Revolution. Question to Ponder: Do immigrants “migrate?”

isolation Being in a place or situation away from others

isolation Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Isolationist Isolationism Isolate Isolates Isolated Isolating China was isolated from other early river civilizations. Question to Ponder: Would a person who’s hanging out with others be considered “isolated?”

feudalism Social system in which people work and fight for nobles who provide them with protection

feudalism Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Feudal Feudalist Feudalistic The Chinese lords created the feudal system in order to better control the weaker nobles. Question to Ponder: Is resistance “feudalism?”

Early Empires I Navigate Barter Monotheism Bureaucracy Missionary

Navigate To find a route to a place

navigate Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Navigates Navigated Navigating Navigator Early empires navigated unknown terrain in order to trade with other civilizations. Question to Ponder: Would a sailor have to “navigate” the ocean?

Barter Exchanging one good for another good

Barter Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Barters Bartering Bartered Early river civilizations bartered goods and services rather than exchanging coins. Question to Ponder: Would I have “bartered” for something if I went to Walmart and bought milk?

monotheism Belief in a single deity

monotheism Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Monotheist Monotheists Monotheistic Hebrews, Muslims, and Christians are all monotheists. Question to Ponder: Zeus, Poseidon, and Athena are all Greek gods. Would the Greeks be considered “monotheists?”

Bureaucracy Complicated system of government officials

bureaucracy Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Bureaucracies Bureaucratic China established a bureaucratic system in order better organize their government. Question to Ponder: Would a business with a board of directors have a “bureaucratic” system?

Missionary Person sent to another place to spread their religious beliefs to natives

Missionary Forms: Example: Question to Ponder: Missionaries Early religions sent out missionaries in order to get converts to their faith. Question to Ponder: If a person convinced someone else to believe his/her religious beliefs, would he/she be considered a “missionary?”