Introduction to Quantitative Research

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Quantitative Research Windy Alonso, MS, RN The Pennsylvania State University Spring 2016

Learning objectives Define quantitative research Describe the four types of quantitative research Identify the importance of rigor and control in nursing research Discuss reliability and validity in research Identify the steps of the research process Compare and contrast the nursing process and the research process Identify the parts of a research paper

Quantitative vs. qualitative

Quantitative vs. qualitative

What is quantitative research? Formal Systematic Objective Rigorous

Types of quantitative research Descriptive Correlational Quasi-experimental Experimental

Descriptive studies Explore and describe “real-life” phenomena Large number of participants Natural setting No manipulation of variables Goals: Concept identification and description Identification of relationships between concepts Hypothesis generating

Descriptive studies Explore and describe “real-life” phenomena Large number of participants Natural setting No manipulation of variables Goals: Concept identification and description Identification of relationships between concepts Hypothesis generating

Correlational Studies Investigate and describe relationships between or among variables Relationships can be positive or negative Do not determine cause and effect Do not test interventions Goals: Explore relationships or associations Hypothesis generating

Correlational Studies Investigate and describe relationships between or among variables Relationships can be positive or negative Do not determine cause and effect Do not test interventions Goals: Explore relationships or associations Hypothesis generating

Quasi-Experimental Studies Examine causal relationships or determine the effect of one variable on another Interventions or treatments are tested Less control of variables than in experimental studies No random assignment

Quasi-Experimental Studies Examine causal relationships or determine the effect of one variable on another Interventions or treatments are tested Less control of variables than in experimental studies No random assignment

Experimental Studies Highly controlled, systematic design Examines causality Three main characteristics: Controlled manipulation of an independent (treatment) variable Comparison of a treatment group (participants exposed to treatment) and a control group (unexposed to treatment) Random assignment

Experimental Studies Highly controlled, systematic design Examines causality Three main characteristics: Controlled manipulation of an independent (treatment) variable Comparison of a treatment group (participants exposed to treatment) and a control group (unexposed to treatment) Random assignment

Rigor & control RIGOR – excellence in research attained by strict attention to detail and methods Precision – accuracy, detail, and order CONTROL – strategies to increase accuracy of results and decrease the probability of errors in research Experimental studies have highest degree of control A researcher selects a design that can achieve the greatest control AND answer the research question

Reliability & Validity Reliability = Consistency Validity = Does the measure accurately represent the real world? Clinical scenario: A healthy, 25 year old man that is walking around the examine room before his appointment. Every time the electronic blood pressure device measures his blood pressure it reads 60/30. Is the device reliable? Is the device valid?

The research process Quantitative research is formal and systematic Involves all the stages of a research project Culminates in the dissemination of findings

Nursing process vs. research process 1. Assess Review literature 2. Diagnose Identify a problem 3. Plan Design study 4. Implement Collect Data 5. Evaluate Analyze data 6. Modify Interpret results

Contents of a research report Abstract – brief summary Introduction – background information, statement of the problem and your purpose for conducting the study Methods – how did you do your study Results – what did you find Discussion- what do you think it means and why is it important to the rest of us, limitations May include: Implications and/or Conclusions References – give credit where credit is due

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