بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Fundamentals of Information Systems / كلية الحاسبات والمعلومات الثلاثاء الموافق 21 فبراير2012 D r. Ahmed Aboul-Fotouh Saleh prof. of Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences

Introduction To Information Systems Concepts Chapter 1 Introduction To Information Systems Concepts

Preface Information systems play a vital role in the business success of an enterprise. Understanding system concepts will help you understand many other concepts in the technology. For example, systems concepts help you understand: - That computers are systems of information processing components. - That business uses of computers are really interconnected business information systems.

Systems concepts A system can be defined a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process. Many examples of systems can be found in the physical and biological sciences, in modern technology, and in human society.

Elements/Components of a System: Such a system ( Dynamic system) has a set of basic interacting components or functions: To reconstruct a system, the following' key elements must be considered; a. Inputs & Outputs b. Processing c. Control d. Feedback e. Environment f. Boundaries

Figure 1.3: Components of a System

System Components and Concepts(cont..) Systems can be classified as simple or complex, open or closed, stable or dynamic, adaptive or nonadaptive, and permanent or temporary

Table 1.3: Systems Classifications and Their Primary Characteristics

System Performance and Standards Efficiency: a measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals الى أى مدى تحققت اهداف النظام System performance standard: a specific objective of a system

System Variables and Parameters System variable: quantity or item controlled by the decision maker System parameter: value or quantity that cannot be controlled (e.g., the cost of a raw material)

A System approach to problem solving The system approach to problem solving uses a systems orientation to define problems and opportunities and develop solutions. a problem and formulating a solution involves the following interrelated activities:   - Recognize and define a problem or opportunity in a systems context. - Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions. - Select the system solution that best meets your requirements. - Design the selected system solution so that it meets your requirements. - Implement and evaluate the success of the designed system.

The systems approach to problem solving Define the problem Define a problem or opportunity in a system context. Develop and evaluate alternative system solutions Select the system solution that best meets your requirements. Design the selected solution to meet your requirements. Implement and evaluate the success of the designed system. Develop Alternative Solutions Select the solution Design the selected solution Implementation the solution

What is the Information systems Information system (IS) A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminateنشر data and information and provide feedback to meet an objective Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems

Information Concepts: Data Versus Information Data: raw facts Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the facts themselves

Table 1.1: Types of Data

Figure 1.2: The Process of Transforming Data into Information

Knowledge An awareness and understanding of a set of information & Experience and how that information can be made useful to support a specific task Knowledge base The collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value.

Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data

Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data (continued)

Figure 1.7: The Components of an Information System

Input, Processing, Output, Feedback Input: activity of gathering and capturing raw data Processing: converting or transforming data into useful outputs Output: production of useful information, usually in form of documents and reports Feedback: output used to make changes to input or processing activities

Functions of an Information System

Computer-Based Information Systems Computer-based information system (CBIS) A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information Examples: a company’s payroll systems, order entry system, and inventory control systems

Figure 1.8: The Components of a Computer-Based Information System

Summary Data: raw facts Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves System: a set of elements that interact to accomplish a goal Components of a system: input, processing, output, and feedback A model is an abstraction that is used to represent reality

Summary (continued) Computer-based information system (CBIS): a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information