May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Light Communications Topic Interest Group Short Overview of Light Communication Date: 2017-01-15 Author: Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Abstract This document presents a short overview on the use of light for wireless communications. Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

LC in a nutshell What is LC? Unique Selling Points Use cases May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 LC in a nutshell What is LC? Unique Selling Points Wireless communication via light Retain mobility by using LED lighting Bidirectional low and high speed data transmission Ubiquitous LED lighting as “hotspot” Use of unregulated optical spectrum Light does not pass through walls No mutual interference with radio Use cases Wireless backhaul Networked streetlights Industrial communication Localization Conference rooms Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Advantages and Challenges for LC May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Advantages and Challenges for LC Advantages Challenges Use existing lighting infrastructure for both, access and backhaul No license fees, no RF interference Idea: Secure links in limited areas as a complement to mobile radio Mobility is supported Dynamic rate adjustment Handover and interference mgmt. High-power LEDs are bright Allow high spectral efficiency Slow modulation (< 30 MHz BW) Gbit/s links with little more energy Non-line-of-sight links Dimming Handover in multicell multiuser scenarios Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Roadmap for LC January 2017 B5G MU MIMO P2P 2016 2018 2020 2022 May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Roadmap for LC 2016 2018 2020 2022 P2P MIMO MU B5G P2P: Point-to-Point MIMO: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output MU: Multi-User LC (P2MP) B5G: Networked LC (MP2MP) Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Use cases for LC January 2017 May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Use cases for LC IEEE 802.15.7r1 Technical Considerations Document, 15-15-0492-xx-007a-technical-considerations-document.doc Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Mobile backhaul Robust, rate adaptive optical link May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Mobile backhaul Robust, rate adaptive optical link Robust against weather conditions (fog, snow) Easy adjustment, low cost design Networked streetlight, Smart city, 5G deployment Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

SoA and Market Potential May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 SoA and Market Potential State of the Art Market Potential LED-based Prototype (TRL6) Tested in outdoor field trial Performance 600 Mbps @ 50 m 500 Mbps @ 100 m 250 Mbps @ 200 m No interference with existing RF links Optical spectrum – No license fees Optics has potential for higher data rates Provisional mobile networks for big events Backhaul for 5G network deployment Gigabit wireless-to-the-home (WTTH) Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Industrial Wireless Personalized products need more flexible manufacturing Optical wireless cannot be jammed from outside a building Low latency (<5 ms is enough for >95% of all use cases) Robustness: LOS can be blocked  multiple links (MIMO) Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Industrial Wireless Personalized products need more flexible manufacturing Optical wireless cannot be jammed from outside a building Low latency (<5 ms is enough for >95% of all use cases) Robustness: LOS can be blocked  multiple links (MIMO) Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

SoA and Market Potential May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 SoA and Market Potential State of the Art Market Potential Early research (TRL1-3) MIMO measurements in a manufacturing scenario High path loss  lower rate Power-efficient waveforms (single-carrier, unipolar) Shadowing is significant and quite fast Bit and power loading, rank-adaptive MIMO LC has severe potential for industrial wireless Radio has known issues Would need licensed spectrum Suffers from interference/jamming Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 LC for mobile access Combination of illumination and Gbit wireless “hotspot” Small cell size (1 m diameter), frequently reused Downlink is white light, uplink through infrared or RF Robust, bidirectional and rate-adaptive communication Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

SoA and Market Potential May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 SoA and Market Potential State of the Art Market Potential Prototypes (TRL6) Early-adopter‘s tests in real application scenarios Several pilot installations Mainau (conference room) Stuttgart (class room) Energy efficiency and form factor are still an R&D topic, combined with Gbit rates Efficient MP2MP is t.b.d. LC for meeting rooms LC for classrooms LC for home environments (in each luminaire) Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Summary LC can be regarded as a useful extension of WiFi May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2017 Summary LC can be regarded as a useful extension of WiFi Smaller cell size, enhanced privacy Development from P2P  P2MP  MP2MP Use cases: Mobile backhaul, industrial wireless, wireless access Can be addressed partly by tailoring existing technologies 802.11n, ITU-T G.hn Mobile access scenario needs minaturization Economies of scale need a new standard New target is the mass market Volker Jungnickel (Frauhnhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)