Voice Disorders Clinical Applications Chapter 6 Perry C. Hanavan, AuD

Electroglottography (EGG) or Laryngography EGG Vibrato lab.mov  a system which gives information on the closure of vocal folds by measuring electrical resistance between two electrodes placed around the neck

Endoscopy and Videostroboscopy  Videotaping with a technique called stroboscopy to evaluate the function of the vocal cords, or larynx, in people with voice disorders During speech, the vocal folds too rapidly to permit examination with a normal light source

Videokymography (VKG) Videokymography - automatic detection Videokymography (VKG) High-speed medical imaging method to visualize the human vocal fold vibration dynamics

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) A.L.S. - Lou Gehrig's disease Progressive degeneration of the motor neurons of the central nervous system, leading to wasting of the muscles and paralysis

Parkinson’s Disease How Parkinson's Disease Affects the Body -- The Doctors Progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement Develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand

Unilateral Vocal Fold Paresis/Paralysis

Voice Disorders Diplophonia Neurologic Spasmodic disphonia Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) is a general term to describe excessive and unnecessary tension of laryngeal muscles during voicing.  MTD is often referred to by many different names including - hyperfunction, functional dysphonia, ventricular or false vocal fold compression, etc.  MTD is thought to be a compensatory mechanism in the presence of underlying laryngeal pathology.  Symptoms often include a sensation of excessive laryngeal tension and strain, vocal fatigue, and hoarseness. Neurologic Spasmodic disphonia

Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Paradoxical Vocal Cord Motion  (PVFM) is a voice disorder Vocal folds (cords) behave in a normal fashion almost all of the time, but, when an episode occurs, the vocal cords close when they should open, such as when breathing

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD) The Effects of Gastric Acid on the True Vocal Cords  Gastroesophageal refers to the stomach and esophagus Reflux means to flow back or return Gastroesophageal reflux is the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus

Laryngeal Cancer

Hearing Loss Navigating deafness in a hearing world | Rachel Kolb | TEDxStanford

Transsexual Voice FTM transgender/transsexual- Voice comparison from pre-T to 5.5 months on T

Medications Adversely Affecting Voice Antidepressants Muscle relaxants Diuretics Antihypertensives (blood pressure medication) Antihistamines (allergy medications) Anticholinergics (asthma medications) High-dose Vitamin C (greater than five grams per day)   Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (blood pressure medication) may induce a cough or excessive throat clearing. Pill may cause edema in the vocal cords due to estrogen. Estrogen replacement therapy post-menopause may have effect. Low level of thyroid replacement medication in patients with hypothyroidism. Anticoagulants (blood thinners) may increase chances of vocal cord hemorrhage or polyp formation in response to trauma.

Medical Conditions Affecting Voice Poor health Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (LPRD) Voice misuse and overuse Benign vocal cord nodules Vocal Cord Hemorrhage Vocal Cord Paralysis and Paresis Neurologic related Laryngeal cancer