“References: Priority Became the Prize” Roberto Romero, MD, D.Med.Sci. Editor-in-Chief for Obstetrics American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH University of Michigan Michigan State University Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

“Priority Became the Prize”…in Science Boorstin DJ. 1983

wikipedia.org Boorstin DJ. 1983

Why Use References - Why Cite? To acknowledge the source(s) of information used to write the article To demonstrate that authors have knowledge of the subject matter and context To give credit to the work of others Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

How to Cite: Determine the Reference Style Required by the Journal Journals have different requirements Check the “Instructions for Authors” section of each journal Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

Two Main Styles of References Harvard Style – author’s name and year in the text of the manuscript Vancouver System – uses consecutive numbers Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

Harvard Style of References Cadwell K. 2015; 42:805

Vancouver System Style of References Murth AM, Menon R. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:447

Reference Styles Reference style is Journal specific Cell uses Harvard style International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommends Vancouver style AJOG uses the Vancouver style (i.e. consecutive numbering) Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

Most Frequently Used Reference Systems EndNote Reference Manager Mendeley Qiqqa Sente 6 for Mac Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

How to Organize References: Use a Software System! www.tum.de www.flickr.com

In the Digital Era, each Publication Has: A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) which is unique to each document The DOI is permanent, while its location or URL (Uniform Resource Locator) may change In PubMed, each document has a specific number which is the PMID Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

PubMed Search www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

A Practical Demonstration PMID Number Allows You to Enter References Without Using the Entire Citation A Practical Demonstration Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

endnote.com

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And…….you don’t have to type All reference information has been automatically entered by the system and the possibility of error is decreased And…….you don’t have to type endnote.com

What to Cite ? Original publication or article which reported the discovery Original publications vs. reviews Verify the reference against the original document (not another paper’s reference list) Correct any inadvertent errors and ensure you are not misrepresenting the original authors’ intent Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

Deciding Who to Cite Preferred: Earliest reference (scientific priority) Highest hierarchy of evidence Open Access articles Published in the target journal Recommendations by Cals JW, Kotz D. J Clin Epidemiol 2013; 66:1198

Citations in the Manuscript Text and References Must Match Every citation in the text must have a reference, and every reference must be cited Citation/reference mismatches: a common error identified during peer review Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

How Many References? Some journals have a limit (e.g. 40-50) AJOG does not have a limit (within reason) Our view is that it may be unscholarly to omit or deny credit Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

Closing Advice Verify the references carefully before submitting an article Despite use of reference software, errors may still occur (check, check, check) References are an important part of manuscripts, and are critically assessed by reviewers Reviewers are often authors Roberto Romero, AJOG, 2016.

Reading Material Cals JW, Kotz D. J Clin Epidemiol 2013; 66:1198

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