Bell Ringer Analyze the political cartoon.

Nationalism in the Interwar Era EQ: How did the end of WWI impact non-Western nations?

Decline of the Ottoman Empire “Sick Man of Europe” Fought on the Central Powers in WWI (Losing Side) Empire collapsed after WWI

Armenians were a Christian minority within the Ottoman Empire Armenian Genocide Genocide – the deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group. Armenians were a Christian minority within the Ottoman Empire Accused of supporting Russia in WWI Killed / deported Estimated 1.5 million death toll

Modernization of Turkey Mustafa Kemal “Ataturk” (Father Turk) Adopted policy of westernization Industrialization Outlawed the use of the Fez Discouraged women using a veil – granted inheritance and marriage rights Created a secular state (rejecting religious influence on government)

Made by the British during WWI Balfour Declaration Made by the British during WWI Supported Zionism, or the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine Palestine was ancient home to Jews (80% Arab Muslim) Leads to Jewish migration and conflict

Struggle for Indian Independence Despite fighting in WWI India remained a subject of the British Empire Armitsar Massacre 1919 – British soldiers fired on a group of peaceful protesters, killed hundreds

Struggle for Indian Independence Mahatma (Mohandas, or Great Soul) Gandhi Civil Disobedience – refusal to obey laws that are considered to be unjust Salt March – led a group of protesters on a march to the coast to harvest salt in defiance of British laws Satyagraha – policy of passive political resistance, focused on non-violence

Struggle for Indian Independence Competing interests prevented India from achieving independence until after WWII Gandhi’s followers were anti-Western and religious Many new reformers were pro-Western and secular Muslim’s felt ignored by the Hindu majority and wanted the creation of a separate nation

Decline of the Qing Dynasty Western imperialism + anti- Western sentiment Widespread poverty (esp. peasants) /high taxes Powerful warlords controlled large territories

Revolution of 1911 Empress Ci Xi attempted to make legal and education reforms – too little, too late After Empress dies the last emperor the last emperor was infant boy Revolt overthrows the last of the Qing dynasty – China now controlled by warlords

Chinese Nationalism Sun Yat-Sen – Leader of the Guomindang (GMD,) or Chinese Nationalist Party Anti-Western imperialism -> Lacked military support Appealed to urban middle-class

Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Formed in 1921 – Radicals and faculty of Beijing University Led by Mao Zedong Appealed to rural peasants (vast majority of population)

Changing of the Guard Sun Yat-Sen died in 1925 – replaced by Chiang Kai-Shek Chiang Kai-Shek did not trust the CCP 1927 – Shanghai Massacre Attempted to wipe out the Communist party

Communists on the Run After Shanghai party leaders fled to Mao Zedong’s communist base in southern China The GMD eventually surrounded Mao’s base -> Communism in China looked like it would be stamped out of existence The Long March The CCP broke through and began a year long 6,000 mile march to the last communist stronghold in northern China Suffered heavy casualties but survived

War with Japan Japanese invasions of China in 1931 and 1937 led to the GMD and CCP unifying forces once again to deal with the imperial threat

Essential Question How did the end of WWI impact non-Western nations?