Reformation and Counter Reformation

REFORMATION=PROTESTANT REFORMATION COUNTER REFORMATION=CATHOLIC REFORMATION

REFORMATION Reformation (Protestant Reformation) - A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church. A. Reform - to make changes in order to improve it. B. Protest - an action where someone objects to something C. Denominational Affiliation - a religious group, usually including many local churches (Baptist, Lutheran, Presbyterian, etc.) D. Point of Contention - something (such as a belief, opinion, or idea) that is argued or stated

OBJECT OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION: TO CHANGE THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND MAKE IT BETTER

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION (POINTS OF CONTENTION) Some thought priests and bishops weren't religious enough anymore. B. Pope (head of the Roman Catholic Church) was too involved in politics. C. Church had gown too rich. 1. the Church was rich because it did not pay any taxes.

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION D. Sale of Indulgences- Document given by the Pope that excused a person from penalties for the sins he or she had committed. The Pope would give these in exchange for money. 1. People thought the Church was allowing people to buy their way into heaven. INDULGENCES DO GOOD DEEDS TO EARN BUY THEM

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION Priest/Bishops Not Religious Enough Pope too politically powerful REFORMATION (PROTESTANT REFORMATION) Church too wealthy Church selling indulgences

Important People Events to the Reformation MARTIN LUTHER A. Martin Luther - Catholic priest who wanted reforms. 1. Ninety-Five Theses - List of points of contention (complaints) about the Church that Martin Luther put together. 2. Printing Press  allowed the Ninety-Five Theses to be spread to other countries.

Important People/Events to the Reformation 3. List of points of contention (complaints): a. Anyone could have a direct relationship with God and not have to go through a Priest. b. People should live as the Bible said, not as the Pope said. c. Erasmus, a German, translated the Bible from Latin to German for German people. d. Priests and Pope should not interfere with politics.

REMEMBER!!! e. Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic church Official Start of the Protestant Reformation f. Protestants - Those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church. It split the church in two. g. His branch of Protestantism became Lutheran.

Important People/Events to the Reformation JOHN CALVIN B. John Calvin - a student of religion. a. Predestination - God knows who is saved even before they are born. b. Thought it was important to live a good life and obey God's laws. c. Told believers to reject Catholicism and become Protestants d. John Calvin's branch of Protestantism became known as Calvinism. e. Early American Protestants followed Calvinism and are known as Puritans, Huguenots, and Presbyterians.

Important People/Events to the Reformation C. John Knox- established Presbyterianism in Scotland (north of England) D. Henry VIII- England's King 1. Asked the Pope to officially end his marriage, but the Pope refused. 2. King Henry chose not to obey the Pope 3. Declared himself head of a new church, Church of England or Anglican Church.

Americans (Puritans, Presbyterians, Huguenots) Christianity Protestant Lutheran Anglican Church Calvinist Scotland (Presbyterians) Americans (Puritans, Presbyterians, Huguenots) Catholic Denominations

Important People/Events to the Reformation E. Printing Press  by Johannes Gutenberg allowed widespread participation in the Reformation. Spread ideas of Luther, Calvin, Knox,

GEOGRAPHY OF THE REFORMATION Central Europe - Especially the German states, were divided between Catholic and Protestant. 1. Central Europe is where the Reformation began and home to Martin Luther, John Calvin, and John Knox. B. Northern half of Europe - England, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway were Protestant

GEOGRAPHY OF THE REFORMATION C. Southern half of Europe - France, Spain, Italy, Austria, and Poland were Catholic D. Often a country’s politics decided which branch of Christianity the country followed. 1. The people who wanted to keep their power sided with the Pope(Catholic). 2. Those who wanted more power and weaken the Pope became Protestant.

REACTION FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH A. At first, the Catholic Church tried to stop the Reformation. 1. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, declared war on the German states that converted to become Protestant. 2. His war was unsuccessful.

REACTION FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH B. Peace of Augsburg- This said that Protestantism would be allowed and individual states could choose which denomination to follow.

REACTION FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH C. A country's leader decided whether the country would become Catholic or Protestant. 1. Religious Desertion - leaving a country because one did not agree with the country's religion. 2. Religious Dissident - a citizen of a country who opposes a country's policy.

COUNTER REFORMATION (Catholic Reformation) Counter Reformation                                                                  - The Catholic Church's effort to stop the spread of Protestantism and to reform itself.

COUNTER REFORMATION A. Council of Trent - a meeting of church leaders to reform the Catholic Church. 1. Selling of indulgences was banned. 2. Created new rules for clergy to follow. Bishops had to live in the areas they oversaw. 3. Rejected the ideas of Protestant leaders. 4. Established seminaries (schools) to train clergy.

COUNTER REFORMATION B. Jesuits - religious order created to serve the Pope and the church. 1. Taught people about Catholic ideas. 2. Missionaries - Traveling to foreign countries to spread their faith.

CONFLICTS BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS A. Thirty Years War - King Ferdinand II tried to force absolute Catholic rule on his lands.  1.Protestant nobles rebelled and Protestant countries supported the Nobles.

CONFLICTS BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS B. “Bloody Mary" - Queen Mary I tried to restore the Catholic faith in England.  1. She ordered many Protestants to be burned at the stake.

CONFLICTS BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS C. Spanish Inquisition- King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain banned all religions other than Roman Catholicism. 1. In 1478 they established a court that treated non-Catholics very harshly.  2. The court was called the Spanish Inquisition. 3. Forced all Jews who would not become Catholic to leave Spain.