American Revolution 1763-1783 Coach C Unit II American Revolution 1763-1783 Coach C

Slideshow Key *IT IS YOUR JOB TO CONNECT THESE FIVE ITEMS Vocab Term = RED Important Event = BLUE Important Location = GREEN Important Person = ORANGE Major Causes and Motivations = PURPLE *IT IS YOUR JOB TO CONNECT THESE FIVE ITEMS

Pre Unit: Comparing Governments Great Britain Colonies King Bicameral legislature Inherited titles + Elected men Less than ¼ of men qualify to vote Governor (appointed by King; paid by colonies) Bicameral Legislature Inherited + Elected men Used Great Britain as gov’t model

Build-up to Revolution

Build-up Events Prior to 1776 several events spurred colonial resentment towards the British empire Taxation without Representation (Sugar, Quartering, Stamp Acts) Colonial Protests Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party The Intolerable Acts Townshend Acts

Build-Up: French + Indian War Recap Also called “7 Years War” Doubled England’s national debt Seen as unfair by many English citizens as war was fought to protect colonies, resulted in taxes imposed on colonies by Parliament

Build-Up: Taxation w/o Representation Sugar Act 1764- assigned customs officers/ courts to collect taxes on imported sugar Quartering Act 1765- Required colonists to house and supply British troops stationed nearby Stamp Act 1765- First direct tax within colonies Taxed almost all printed materials: Newspapers, books, court documents, etc.

Build Up: Colonists Outraged by Taxes Colonists felt Parliament had no right to tax them while the colonies were un-represented in British gov’t. Argument puzzled Parliament as all paid taxes, but the right to vote remained very exclusive in Britain

Build Up: 3 Types of Protest Intellectual Protest Sermons, Pamphlets, Published Articles Economic Boycotts Failure to pay taxes or boycott of certain goods Violent Intimidation Tarring and feathering, burning down homes and offices

Build Up: Enlightenment Ideas Lead to Protest Enlightenment Thinkers People have divine Natural Rights Life, Lib., Land (Happiness) Government exists for the good of the ppl. Gov’t exists for good of ppl (Locke) Ppl have right to protest gov’t John Locke (England) Social Contract Baron de Montesquieu Patrick Henry Wrote the “Virginia Resolves” (pg. 101)

Build Up: Virginia Resolves Written by Patrick Henry, 6 point document argued that only colonial assemblies had right to tax colonists. 4 of 6 adopted by Virginia H.O.B. 2 of 6 (including rejecting imperial taxation) were rejected, and seen as “too extreme” 8 other colonies adopted similar resolves

Build Up: Sons of Liberty Group formed to oppose Stamp Act Formed across colonies but prevalent in Boston led by Sam Adams Violently assaulted and burned homes of Stamp tax collectors. By end of 1765 every stamp collector in colonies had resigned

Build Up: Boycott of British Goods Non-Importation Agreements In New York in 1765; 9 colonies resolved to boycott importation of British goods, severely hurting British merchants “Daughters of Liberty” : Women who supported boycott by making “homespun” cloth to replace boycotted British cloth Resulted in the repeal of Stamp Act in 1766

Build Up: Townshend Acts After repeal of Stamp Act, British gov’t decided to indirectly tax commerce with Townshend Acts Levied new import tax on everyday items such as: glass, lead, paint, paper tea, etc. Intended to pay salary of colonial governors and judges (previously paid by colonial legislature)

Boston Massacre Violent protest again erupts in Boston due to passing of Townshend Acts As a result Crown sends 4,000 troops to occupy Boston, a city of 16,000 people In March 1770 colonists assaulted British soldiers stationed at Customs House Red Coats responded by shooting and killing 5 protesters The incident was branded the “Boston Massacre” by Sam Adams and his group of Patriots

Build Up: Committees of Correspondence After Boston Massacre Sam Adams helped form network of local Committees of Correspondence Committees were formed across the country which helped build colonial unity Helped coordinate cooperation between protest groups Eventually led to British repealing majority of Townshend Acts and withdrawal of troops in Boston *BRITISH DID NOT REPEAL TAX ON TEA, THUS COLONIAL BOYCOTT ON TEA REMAINED IN EFFECT

Build Up: Boston Tea Party Colonial boycott of Tea specifically hurt British East India Trading Co. To help company British gov’t allowed BEI to sell directly, thus making it cheaper than substitute Dutch tea To prove the point, on December 16, 1773, Boston patriots snuck aboard B.E.I. ships dressed as Indians and dumped tea into Boston Harbor. Later came to be known as the Boston Tea Party

Build Up: The Intolerable Acts Coercive “Intolerable” Acts Colonial Response Passed in retaliation for Boston Tea Party Closed Boston port to trade until tea and tax was repaid Increased power of Governor at expense of elected assembly Enforced Act by placing British warships in Boston Colonists outraged that Britain would attempt to shut down trade and alter colonial government at will Sparked Tarring + Feathering of crown supporters Seen as grave threat to freedom of the colonies

Build Up: First Continental Congress To coordinate response to Intolerable Acts the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in fall of 1774 Only state not to attend was Georgia Announced renewed boycott of all British imports Set up local provincial congresses to enforce boycotts (governing bodies independent of Parliament) Patrick Henry famously says: “Give me liberty, or give me death”

Declaring Independence