Chapter 20: The East Asian World (1400-1800) Part 1: The Ming and Qing in China

ISOLATION What is isolationism? During this time in China (and Japan, too), their governments brought on isolationism to the country. What is isolationism? Are there any benefits to being an isolationist society?

Ming Dynasty! (1368 -1644) Origins / beginning Founded by Yuanzhang in 1368. Chinese ruler. Removed Mongols from power Government Centralized government w/ officials chosen by civil service exam Constantly fought off invading Mongols and Japanese raiders on coast Accomplishments Nationwide school system Increase in manufactured goods production Extended the Great Wall Built Forbidden City Interactions w/ Europeans Portuguese traders arrived and trade began  Portuguese ships carried goods between China and Japan, but direct trade between Europe and China was limited Christian missionaries to China  exchange of ideas and new products Decline High taxes, government corruption, and an epidemic led to Peasant Revolt Manchus conquered Beijing and replaced Ming dynasty with the Qing in 1644

Ming Dynasty and the Forbidden City Imperial City was built in Beijing and the capital city was moved from Nanjing to Beijing It was created to convey power and prestige Complex of palaces and temples surrounded by six and a half miles of walls. Off limits to commoners = Forbidden City!

Qing Dynasty! (1644 – 1912) Origins Established by Manchu people from Manchuria Overtook the capital of Beijing and replaced the Ming dynasty in 1644 Government Kept Ming style of gov’t and employed Chinese officials, but placed Manchus in top positions Adopted policy of pacification towards Mongols Accomplishments Increased territory to three times the size of Ming China Began trade with Russia Saw the increase of Chinese arts, literature, and music Interactions w/ Europeans Signed Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia = established trade between the two empires First, acceptance of Christian missionaries, then suppression of their activities in China Sold trading privileges to Europeans, but British traders demanded more access to Chinese trading cities. China responded with limiting British access even more!

Qing Dynasty! (1644 – 1912) Government ordered all males to adopt Manchu dress and hairstyles – men had to shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a pigtail called a queue. Those who refused to accept Manchu culture were deemed rebels and were executed --- “Lose your hair or lose your head!” 3. The Qing rulers limited British access to Chinese trading ports even more severely than before. They felt the British were overstepping their boundaries by demanding access to more cities.

Closure 5. a. Efficient and expanding 6. a. Ming b. Higher b. Qing 4. 5. a. Efficient and expanding 6. a. Ming b. Higher b. Qing c. Expelled from c. Ming d. Japan d. Qing Chinese attitude toward Europeans European attitude towards Chinese They are barbarians They can send ships only to selected ports We wish to increase our exports to them We will send our trading ships to them whether or not they send ships to us