BTV2213 Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Introduction of Thermodynamics For uploaded version, please click on this: http://ocw.ump.edu.my BTV2213 Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Introduction of Thermodynamics by Nasrin Khodapanah Faculty of Engineering Technology nasrin@ump.edu.my

Chapter Description Aims Expected Outcomes References Introduce the vocabulary and basic concepts associated with thermodynamics Explain the metric SI and the English unit systems Employ the concepts of temperature, temperature scales, pressure, and absolute and gauge pressure Expected Outcomes Students able to understand basic concepts associated with thermodynamics Students able to understand the metric SI and the English unit systems Students able to understand the concepts of temperature, temperature scales, pressure, and absolute and gauge pressure References Cengel, Y.A and Boles, M.A (2010),”Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach(7th Edition)”, McGraw Hill, New York Cengel, Y.A (2012): Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill, New York Robert Balmer (2011): Thermodynamics, Jaico Publication

Thermodynamics concept The behavior of energy (heat) flow is studied in thermodynamics. From this study, a number of physical laws have been established. The laws of thermodynamics describe some of the fundamental truths observed in our Universe. Thermodynamics = Therme + Dynamis (Heat) (Power)

Thermodynamics concept Thermodynamics convert heat into power Why is Thermodynamics useful? Qualitative explanation of materials behaviour Quantitatively understanding of materials status. Physical significance of thermodynamic functions.

Thermodynamics concept Thermodynamics: The science of energy. Energy: The ability to cause changes. Conservation of energy principle: During an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics: An expression of the conservation of energy principle. The first law states that energy is a thermodynamic property.

Thermodynamics concept

Metric SI and the English unit systems Any physical quantity can be characterized by dimension. The magnitude assigned to the dimension is called unit. Primary/Fundamental dimensions Some basic dimensions such as mass m, length L, time t, and temperature T are selected as primary or fundamental dimensions. Secondary/Derived dimensions while others such as velocity V, energy E, and volume V are expressed in terms of the primary dimensions and are called secondary dimensions, or derived dimensions.

Fundamental (primary) dimensions and units SI Unit English Unit Mass kg lbm Length m ft Time s Temperature K R Amount of matter mol lbmol Electrical current A Amount of light cd candles

Example; SI and English units conversion Work = Force  Distance 1 J = 1 N∙m 1 cal = 4.1868 J 1 Btu = 1.0551 kJ

Dimensional homogeneity All equations must be dimensionally homogeneous. All secondary units can be formed by combinations of primary units. Force units, for example, can be expressed as They can also be expressed more conveniently as unity conversion ratios as Unity conversion ratios are identically equal to 1 and are unitless, and thus such ratios (or their inverses) can be inserted conveniently into any calculation to properly convert units.

The concepts of temperature and temperature scales

Temperature Scales

Temperature Scales Conversion Factors : -273.15 273.16 0.01 -459.67 273.16 0.01 -459.67 491.69 32.02 ºC K ºF R

The concepts of pressure and absolute and gauge pressure

Pressure

Pressure Local Atmospheric Pressure ( 1.01325 bar @ Sea Level ) Absolute Zero Pressure P (gauge) P (abs) P (atm) P (vacuum) Variation of Pressure with Depth: Pressure is the same at all points on a horizontal plane in a given fluid regardless of geometry, provided that the points are interconnected by the same fluid.

Conclusion of The Chapter1 In this chapter the vocabulary associated with thermodynamics and basic concepts such as the metric SI and the English unit systems have been identified. We have also learnt about the concepts of temperature and pressure. Now you should be able to conclude the chapter as follows: Thermodynamics and energy Application areas of thermodynamics Importance of dimensions and units Some SI and English units, Dimensional homogeneity, Unity conversion ratios Temperature and the zeroth law of thermodynamics Temperature scales Pressure Variation of pressure with depth

Hae-Geon Lee (2012) Introduction. Materials Thermodynamics Huang, Biao, Yutong Qi, and A. K. M. Murshed. "First Principle Modelling for Chemical Processes." Dynamic Modelling and Predictive Control in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: First Principle and Data-Based Approaches: 11-29. Kanoglu, Mehmet, Ibrahim Dincer, and Yunus A. Cengel. "Exergy for better environment and sustainability." Environment, Development and Sustainability 11.5 (2009): 971-988.