Section 2: History & Culture (page 150) Chapter 6: Canada Section 2: History & Culture (page 150)

The Big Idea Canada’s history and culture reflect Native Canadian and European settlement, immigration, and migration to cities

History & Culture

History Native Canadians Indians & the Inuit people were 1st Canadians Over time, they divided into groups known as “First Nations”

History Native Canadians Inuit man in kayak, 1929

History Native Canadians Inuit family, 1930

History Native Canadians Fed, clothed, and housed themselves by hunting seals, whales, walruses, & other animals Population today about 400,000

History European Settlement 1st were Vikings, in about AD 1000 In late 1400s, other Europeans arrived & explored Canada

History European Settlement Trade between Euros. & NCs quickly developed Euros wanted furs / NCs wanted metal goods Also: foods, clothing, & methods of travel

History New France France was 1st Euro. country to settle Canada. Important to France b/c it provided money & goods Also spread French culture.

Map of New France made by Samuel de Champlain in 1612 History Map of New France made by Samuel de Champlain in 1612

Actual extent of New France before 1763 History Actual extent of New France before 1763

History New France French in competition with English for control of Canada French built trade relationships with NCs to help defend their interests

History New France In 1763, England defeated France & took control of Canada Though it didn’t last, New France shaped Canada’s cultural makeup.

History British Conquest In 1754, England & France went to war Fought in Canada & Europe

History British Conquest England won in 1763 Called “7 Years War” in Europe / “French & Indian War” in colonies Actually, French & their Indian allies vs. the English and their Indian allies

History British Conquest Some of the French left / most stayed Brits divided Canada into two colonies Lower Canada mostly French speaking Upper Canada mostly English

History British Conquest Boundary b/t Lower & Upper forms part of border b/t provinces of Quebec & Ontario today.

History British Conquest Province: administrative divisions of a country Similar to a state in the United States.