First thing First What is the purpose of using someone else’s words in your paper? Why do in-text citations help? Please place your introduction graphic organizer OR your introduction paragraph in bin #1

Today Collect introduction paragraphs In-text citations Body paragraphs “Where I’m From” Homework: Start working on your body paragraphs EdPuzzle: due Monday

EdPuzzle Due Monday by midnight If you have forgotten your user log in… come see me DO NOT create a new account Passwords? Class poll

In-text citations A Quick “How-To”

Why use in-text citations? In-text citations allow you to place textual evidence in your paper that make your assertions STRONGER We use them to help build our arguments

What are the rules? We cite! If they are not our words/ideas, we must give credit to the individual who did. We need to tell where we got the information The information in our paper MUST match the information in our works cited.

What are the rules? Any thing not from your brain needs to be cited Any words that aren’t your own have to be cited Any number or statistic or photo/graphic must be immediately cited Any time you use someone else’s thoughts and don’t cite them you are plagiarizing.

In-Text Citations: Book/Article Author-Page Style This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page.

In-Text Citations: Author-Page Style The author's name can appear in the sentence itself but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses. For example: According to Elliott George, The Jim Crow Laws “were designed to separate members of racial minorities—specifically African Americans—from mainstream white society” (6). **This form can only be done if you have a page number

In-Text Citations: Author-Page Style The author's name can appear solely in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses. For example: The Jim Crow Laws “were designed to separate members of racial minorities— specifically African Americans—from mainstream white society” (George 6).

In-text Citations for Print Sources with No Known Author When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. “The term ‘Jim Crow’ typically refers to repressive laws and customs once used to restrict black rights, but the origin of the name itself actually dates back to before the Civil War” (“Was Jim Crow a Real Person?”). "Was Jim Crow a Real Person?" History.com. A&E Television Networks, 29 Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Oct. 2014.

Citing Sources from the Internet/Databases Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function.

Practice. What would you put in the parentheses for these sources Practice! What would you put in the parentheses for these sources? We will do #1 together. Works Cited: 1 2 3 4 5

Works Cited: In-text citation would appear as the following: 1. (“Blue Print Lays Out Clear Path”). 2. (Dean). 3. (Gowdy 33). 4. (Shulte). 5. (Uzawa 122-134).

Paraphrase/Summarizing Paraphrase: putting a passage in your own words (confusing words/language) Summary: summarizing the main point

Paraphrase/Summarizing Once you finish paraphrasing/summarizing what an author says, you place a citation in parentheses after that summarization. You do not use quotation marks

Example of a Paraphrase/summary/citation: The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. A legitimate paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47). An acceptable summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).

What if I only want part of my fact? The ellipses (…) You can always take part of your sentence out if you feel like it is too long, too wordy, or irrelevant to your topic. “You can always take part of your sentence out…” “…if you feel like it is too long, too wordy, or irrelevant to your topic”

What if the quotation doesn’t make perfect sense? Perhaps it doesn’t make sense because you haven’t completed introduced your topic, and now the reader doesn’t know what “it” is. You can use a bracket to show that you changed a word/phrase for clarification. “Perhaps [the sentence] doesn’t make sense…”

When a Citation Is Not Needed Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations or common knowledge. Ex: birthdays, dates in history, well-known historical events

MLA in-text practice With your table partner, work on the following worksheet to see if you can cite each source correctly. We will go over this