Unit 8: Intelligence (Cognition) WHS AP Psychology Unit 8: Intelligence (Cognition) Essential Task 8-3:Explain how psychologists design tests, including standardization strategies and other techniques to establish reliability and validity and interpret the meaning of scores in terms of the normal curve.  Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B=76 Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184 Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

Essential Task 8-3: Explain how psychologists design tests Outline Explain how psychologists design tests Standardization interpret the meaning of scores in terms of the normal curve.  reliability Split half Test – retest Different tests Validity Content Predictive Convergent

Principles of Test Construction For a psychological test to be acceptable it must fulfill the following three criteria: Standardization Reliability Validity

Standardization Standardizing a test involves administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison. OBJECTIVE 10| Discuss the importance of standardizing psychological tests, and describe the distribution of scores in a normal curve.

Normal Curve Standardized tests establish a normal distribution of scores on a tested population in a bell-shaped pattern called the normal curve.

Reliability A test is reliable when it yields consistent results. To establish reliability researchers establish different procedures: Split-half Reliability: Dividing the test into two equal halves and assessing how consistent the scores are. Reliability using different tests: Using different forms of the test to measure consistency between them. Test-Retest Reliability: Using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency. OBJECTIVE 11| Explain what it means to say that a test is reliable.

Verbal Intell

Validity Reliability of a test does not ensure validity. Validity of a test refers to what the test is supposed to measure or predict. Content Validity: Refers to the extent a test measures your definition of the construct Predictive Validity: Refers to the function of a test in predicting a particular behavior or trait. For instance, we might theorize that a measure of math ability should be able to predict how well a person will do in an engineering-based profession. Convergent Validity: we examine the degree to which the operationalization is similar to (converges on) other operationalizations we might correlate the scores on our test with scores on other tests that purport to measure basic math ability, where high correlations would be evidence of convergent validity. OBJECTIVE 12| Explain what it means to say that a test is valid, and describe two types of validity.