1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system What are the characteristics of muscles? What are the functions of the muscular system? What are common disorders of the muscular system? How are muscular disorders treated? How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL MUSCLE TYPES CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds; when the muscle contracts it becomes shorter and thicker EXCITABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing

Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins = movement and heat 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus. The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell. The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Excitability 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Extensibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Muscle Tone Discuss muscle tone. Atrophy: a- ________ -trophy ________ Hypertrophy: hyper- _______ -trophy ________ 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Muscle Tone John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle. What happened? How do you explain this to him? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Muscle Tone Exercise & Training What are the advantages of exercise? Are there any disadvantages of exercise? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Muscle Fatigue Discuss muscle fatigue: What causes muscle fatigue? How does the body correct muscle fatigue? Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not? Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Give examples of each. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Functions of the Muscular System What are the functions of the muscular system? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS Responsible for all body movement Responsible for body form and shape (posture) Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature

Movement: Skeletal Muscle Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Movement Discuss the mechanism of skeletal muscle movement to include: Point of origin Point of insertion Identify the: Prime mover Antagonist Synergists 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Movement: Digestive System The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Movement: Circulatory System Heartbeat The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Posture How does the muscular system effect posture? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Body Heat What is the body’s response to cold? Why? How is this response helpful? How does the body respond to exercise? Why? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Myopathy Myo- -pathy 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Disorders and Related Terminology Conditions: ATROPHY – wasting away of muscle due to lack of use Massage or ROM of the muscle not being used will help prevent atrophy HYPERTROPHY – an increase in the size of the muscle cell (weightlifting)

Disorders and Related Terminology Injury and Overuse: STRAIN – tear in the muscle resulting from excessive use. Bleeding inside the muscle can result in pain and swelling. Ice packs will help stop bleeding and reduce swelling. MUSCLE SPASM (cramp) – sustained contraction of the muscle, usually because of overuse MYALGIA – muscle pain TENDONITIS – inflammation of a tendon (tendons are cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones or other structure)

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Fibromyalgia Discuss the pictures and how they relate to fibromyalgia. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis (BS&F, 11th, pg 138) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Hernia Discuss hernias. Causes Locations Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention (BS&F, 11th, pg 138) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Muscle Spasms (Involuntary hypertonicity) Discuss muscle spasms. Causes Locations Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis (BS&F, 11th, pg 138) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Muscular Dystrophy Discuss the picture and how it relates to muscular dystrophy. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis (BS&F, 11th, pg 139) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Myasthenia Gravis Discuss the picture and how it relates to myasthenia gravis. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis (BS&F, 11th, pg 139) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Strain What happened here? What symptoms is this man having? Why? How will he treat them? What is his prognosis? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Tendonitis Discuss the pictures and how they relate to tendonitis. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system Tetanus Discuss the picture and how it relates to tetanus. Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis (BS&F, 11th, pg 139) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system What are the characteristics of muscles? What are the functions of the muscular system? What are common disorders of the muscular system? How are muscular disorders treated? How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system