U.S. History Goal 1: The New Nation (1789-1820) 1.01

Goal 1: The New Nation (1789-1820) – The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic

Objective 1.01 Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period.

The Federalist Period Federalists were supporters of the Constitution and a strong national government. They had recently won ratification of the Constitution.

What made enough people finally give support to the Constitution? Guarantee of a Bill of Rights – First 10 Amendments - many personal freedoms.

Bill of Rights Amendment 1: Religious and Political Freedom Amendment 2: Bear Arms Amendment 3: Quartering Troops Amendment 4: Search and Seizure Amendment 5: Accused Persons Amendment 6: Speedy, Public Trial Amendment 7: Trial by Jury in Civil Cases Amendment 8: Fines and Punishments Amendment 9: Rights of People Amendment 10: Powers of States and People

James Madison – “Father of the Constitution” Responsible for Bill of Rights

George Washington inaugurated April 30, 1789 in NY unanimously selected

1st task of new gov’t Washington and Congress’ first task was to create a judicial system. The Constitution authorized Congress to set up a federal court system. Supreme Court

Judiciary Act of 1789 Provided for a Supreme Court (one chief justice and five associates) 3 federal circuit courts 13 federal district courts

Cabinet Congress creates 3 executive depts. Dept. of State – Thomas Jefferson Dept. of War – Henry Knox Dept. of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton

Conflict in Washington’s Cabinet: Alexander Hamilton Strong central gov’t. Commerce and industry Loose interpretation of the Constitution Thomas Jefferson Weak central gov’t. Farmer-citizens Strict interpretation of Constitution

Loose Interpretation Can do things not specifically stated in the Constitution If the Constitution doesn’t say it, you can still slide by Hamilton

Strict Interpretation If the Constitution doesn’t say that you can do it, you YOU CAN’T DO IT. Must stick to it word for word. Jefferson

First Big Argument

How would the economy develop? Laissez-faire – “hands off” of the economy. Let natural market practices do their thing.

Hamilton’s Plan As Sec. of Treasury, Hamilton wanted to get economy started right. Hamilton’s Economic Plan – Pay off federal and state debts Create a Bank of the United States

Jefferson and Madison oppose strict constructionists said no to funding state debts No to creation of a Bank of the U.S.

What did Washington think of all this? Washington did not like parties and tried to remain above conflict (Washington’s Farewell Address)

Two-Party System first two political parties developed around Jefferson and Hamilton.

Jefferson’s Supporters Wanted limited federal gov’t., strong state gov’t. Originally called Republicans, Became Democratic-Republicans.

Hamilton’s Supporters Wanted a strong central gov’t. Called Federalists.

Getting the Economy Running Hamilton – from the North (manufacturing) vision of the U.S. becoming a nation based on commerce and industry

How do you make people buy American goods? Make them cost less than foreign goods Place a Protective Tariff on foreign goods – an import tax on incoming goods

Who would be upset by this? Southerners, Democratic-Republicans

Is everybody going to obey the new government? What happened when farmers revolted under the Articles of Confederation? Shays’ Rebellion Gov’t was powerless to respond

Is the new gov’t stronger than the Articles? First major test – Whiskey Rebellion Pennsylvania (western) farmers rebelled against an excise tax placed on whiskey

Response? - YES Washington and Hamilton ride out at the head of a 15,000 strong army of militiamen and shut them up Strength and supremacy of new gov’t under Constitution is proven